Hosseini-Esfahani Firoozeh, Beheshti Niloofar, Koochakpoor Glareh, Mirmiran Parvin, Azizi Fereidoun
Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Maraghe University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
Front Nutr. 2022 Jun 30;9:891111. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.891111. eCollection 2022.
This study aimed to evaluate the association of meats and their substitute food group intakes, including nuts, eggs, and legumes, with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
For this secondary analysis, we selected eligible adults ( = 6,112) from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study participants with a median follow-up of 6.63 years. Expert nutritionists assessed dietary intakes using a valid and reliable semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Biochemical and anthropometric variables were assessed at baseline and follow-up examinations. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models to estimate the new onset of T2D concerning meats and their substitute food groups.
We performed this study on 2,749 men and 3,363 women, aged 41.4 ± 14.2 and 39.1 ± 13.1 years, respectively. The number of participants with incident T2D was 549. After adjusting for confounders, legume [HR: 1, 0.74 (0.58-0.94), 0.69 (0.54-0.90), 0.65 (0.50-0.84), -trend = 0.01)] was inversely associated with incident T2D. Fish intake [HR: 1, 1.0 (0.79-1.27), 1.17 (0.91-1.50), 1.14 (0.89-1.45), -trend = 0.01)] was positively associated with incident T2D. In subjects who reported poultry consumption of 36.4-72.8 g/day, a positive association [HR: 1.33 (1.03-1.71)] between poultry intake and T2D risk was observed.
Our findings revealed that a diet rich in legumes significantly reduced the risk of T2D incidence, while a diet high in poultry increased the risk of T2D incidence, probably due to high-temperature cooking methods and environmental contaminants.
本研究旨在评估肉类及其替代食物组（包括坚果、蛋类和豆类）的摄入量与2型糖尿病（T2D）之间的关联。
在本次二次分析中，我们从德黑兰血脂与血糖研究的参与者中选取了符合条件的成年人（n = 6,112），中位随访时间为6.63年。专业营养学家使用有效且可靠的半定量食物频率问卷评估饮食摄入量。在基线和随访检查中评估生化和人体测量学变量。我们使用多变量Cox比例风险回归模型来估计与肉类及其替代食物组相关的T2D新发病例。
我们对2,749名男性和3,363名女性进行了这项研究，他们的年龄分别为41.4±14.2岁和39.1±13.1岁。T2D新发参与者的数量为549人。在调整混杂因素后，豆类[风险比（HR）：1，0.74（0.58 - 0.94），0.69（0.54 - 0.90），0.65（0.50 - 0.84），趋势P值 = 0.01]与T2D发病呈负相关。鱼类摄入量[HR：1，1.0（0.79 - 1.27），1.17（0.91 - 1.50），1.14（0.89 - 1.45），趋势P值 = 0.01]与T2D发病呈正相关。在报告家禽摄入量为36.4 - 72.8克/天的受试者中，观察到家禽摄入量与T2D风险之间存在正相关[HR：1.33（1.03 - 1.71）]。
我们的研究结果表明，富含豆类的饮食显著降低了T2D发病风险，而高蛋白饮食增加了T2D发病风险，这可能归因于高温烹饪方法和环境污染物。
