Fotirić Akšić Milica, Nešović Milica, Ćirić Ivanka, Tešić Živoslav, Pezo Lato, Tosti Tomislav, Gašić Uroš, Dojčinović Biljana, Lončar Biljana, Meland Mekjell
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia.
Front Nutr. 2022 Jun 30;9:941487. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.941487. eCollection 2022.
Using modern analytical techniques, a comprehensive study of the chemical composition of fruits from apple cultivars grown in Western Norway during 2019 and 2020 was done. Metals, sugars, organic acids, antioxidant tests, and polyphenol content have been observed. In all investigated samples, the most dominant sugars were glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Among 11 tested organic acids, the dominant was malic acid, followed by citric and maleic acid. The most common metal was potassium, followed by magnesium and zinc. The quantification of polyphenols showed that among the 11 quantified polyphenols, chlorogenic acid, quercetin 3-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin, and phlorizin were the most abundant. A detailed study of the polyphenolic profile of nine investigated apple samples provided 30 identified polyphenolic compounds from the class of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, and dihydrochalcones. In addition to the identified 3--caffeoylquinic acid, its two isomers of 5--caffeoylquinic acid and three esters were also found. Present polyphenols of the tested apples provided significant data on the quality of Norwegian apples, and they contribute to the distinguishing of these apple samples.
利用现代分析技术，对2019年至2020年在挪威西部种植的苹果品种果实的化学成分进行了全面研究。观察了金属、糖类、有机酸、抗氧化剂测试和多酚含量。在所有调查样本中，最主要的糖类是葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖。在11种测试的有机酸中，主要的是苹果酸，其次是柠檬酸和马来酸。最常见的金属是钾，其次是镁和锌。多酚的定量分析表明，在11种定量的多酚中，绿原酸、槲皮素3-鼠李糖苷、槲皮素3-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素和根皮苷含量最为丰富。对9个调查苹果样本的多酚谱进行的详细研究，从羟基苯甲酸和羟基肉桂酸、黄酮类化合物和二氢查耳酮类中鉴定出30种多酚化合物。除了鉴定出的3-咖啡酰奎尼酸外，还发现了其两种异构体5-咖啡酰奎尼酸和三种酯类。测试苹果中目前的多酚为挪威苹果的品质提供了重要数据，有助于区分这些苹果样本。
