Martinez Villegas Karina, Rasouli Reza, Tabrizian Maryam
Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada.
Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada.
Microsyst Nanoeng. 2022 Jul 12;8:79. doi: 10.1038/s41378-022-00415-w. eCollection 2022.
Acoustofluidics has shown great potential for label-free bioparticle patterning with excellent biocompatibility. Acoustofluidic patterning enables the induction of cell-cell interactions, which play fundamental roles in organogenesis and tissue development. One of the current challenges in tissue engineering is not only the control of the spatial arrangement of cells but also the preservation of cell patterns over time. In this work, we developed a standing surface acoustic wave-based platform and demonstrated its capability for the well-controlled and rapid cell patterning of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a high-density homogenous collagen hydrogel. This biocompatible hydrogel is easily UV crosslinked and can be retrieved within 3 min. Acoustic waves successfully guided the cells toward pressure nodal lines, creating a contactless alignment of cells in <5 s in culture media and <1 min in the hydrogel. The acoustically patterned cells in the hydrogel did not show a decrease in cell viability (>90%) 48 h after acoustic induction. Moreover, 45.53% and 30.85% increases in metabolic activity were observed in growth and differentiation media, respectively, on Day 7. On Day 14, a 32.03% change in metabolic activity was observed using growth media, and no significant difference was observed using differentiation media. The alkaline phosphatase activity showed an increase of 80.89% and 24.90% on Days 7 and 14, respectively, for the acoustically patterned cells in the hydrogel. These results confirm the preservation of cellular viability and improved cellular functionality using the proposed high-resolution acoustic patterning technique and introduce unique opportunities for the application of stem cell regenerative patches for the emerging field of tissue engineering.
声流体技术在无标记生物粒子图案化方面展现出巨大潜力，且具有出色的生物相容性。声流体图案化能够诱导细胞间相互作用，而这种相互作用在器官发生和组织发育中发挥着基础作用。组织工程当前面临的挑战之一不仅在于控制细胞的空间排列，还在于随着时间推移保持细胞图案。在这项工作中，我们开发了一种基于表面驻波的平台，并展示了其在高密度均匀胶原水凝胶中对脂肪来源间充质干细胞进行精确控制和快速细胞图案化的能力。这种生物相容性水凝胶易于通过紫外线交联，并且能在3分钟内回收。声波成功地将细胞导向压力节点线，在培养基中不到5秒、在水凝胶中不到1分钟内实现了细胞的非接触式排列。水凝胶中经声学图案化处理的细胞在声学诱导48小时后细胞活力没有下降（>90%）。此外，在第7天，生长培养基和分化培养基中的代谢活性分别提高了45.53%和30.85%。在第14天，使用生长培养基时观察到代谢活性有32.03%的变化，使用分化培养基时未观察到显著差异。对于水凝胶中经声学图案化处理的细胞，碱性磷酸酶活性在第7天和第14天分别增加了80.89%和24.90%。这些结果证实了使用所提出的高分辨率声学图案化技术可保持细胞活力并改善细胞功能，为干细胞再生贴片在新兴的组织工程领域的应用带来了独特机遇。
