Hamdan Jessica L, Rath Meghan, Sayoc Jacqueline, Park Joon-Young
Department of Kinesiology, College of Public Health; Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
J Exerc Rehabil. 2022 Jun 27;18(3):142-154. doi: 10.12965/jer.2244146.073. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Mixed martial arts (MMA), a combat sport consisting of wrestling, boxing, and martial arts, is a popular activity associated with danger and violence. Of concern are the repetitive head impacts, both subconcussive and concussive, sustained by MMA athletes. The rules of MMA encourage head strikes, but there was no formal concussion protocol in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) until 2021. Because the UFC was established less than 30 years, the long-term consequences of these repetitive concussive head blows are lacking. In this review, we focus on current literature sought to summarize the current knowledge of repetitive head impacts and concussions in MMA. The objectives were to outline (a) the rules of MMA; (b) the postconcussion protocol for UFC athletes; (c) current behavioral and biochemical diagnostic measures; (d) epidemiology and prevalence of concussion in MMA; (e) long-term effects of subconcussive repetitive head impacts; (f) biomechanics of head impacts; and (g) considerations and research topics that warrant future research.
综合格斗（MMA）是一项包含摔跤、拳击和武术的搏击运动，是一项与危险和暴力相关的热门活动。令人担忧的是，MMA运动员会遭受重复性头部撞击，包括次脑震荡和脑震荡。MMA规则鼓励头部击打，但直到2021年，终极格斗冠军赛（UFC）都没有正式的脑震荡处理方案。由于UFC成立不到30年，这些重复性脑震荡头部打击的长期后果尚不明确。在这篇综述中，我们聚焦于现有文献，试图总结目前关于MMA中重复性头部撞击和脑震荡的认知。目标是概述：（a）MMA的规则；（b）UFC运动员的脑震荡后处理方案；（c）当前的行为和生化诊断措施；（d）MMA中脑震荡的流行病学和患病率；（e）次脑震荡重复性头部撞击的长期影响；（f）头部撞击的生物力学；以及（g）值得未来研究的考量因素和研究课题。
