IQVIA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Department of Neurological Surgery and Vanderbilt Sports Concussion Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
Sports Health. 2021 Sep-Oct;13(5):423-430. doi: 10.1177/19417381211011446. Epub 2021 Apr 19.
Concussion in American football, and specifically the National Football League (NFL) is a major area of interest and key focus for injury prevention. Complete and accurate characterization of when, how, and to whom these injuries occur can facilitate injury reduction efforts. Existing studies of concussion in the NFL use publicly available data, potentially limiting data quality and the inferences that can be made.
Concussion incidence in the NFL decreased across the 2015-2019 seasons.
Descriptive epidemiology study.
Level 4.
Concussion incidence, including counts, one-season risk, and rates per game and player-plays, among active NFL players from 2015 to 2019 is described by year, season, play type, and roster position.
A total 1302 concussions were identified from 2015 to 2019 among 1004 players. Of these, 80% occurred in NFL games. The average annual incidence of in-season game concussions changed over the study period, from 230.7 per season (2015-2017) to 177.0 per season (2018-2019); this represented a 23% decrease in game settings ( < 0.01). Practice concussions fluctuated across the years of the study from 38 to 67 per season (average = 50.8/season). There were 70.6 concussions per 100 preseason games, which was slightly higher than the regular season rate per game of 61.7. Overall, there were 790 regular season game concussions across 4,657,243 player-plays and 114,428 player-games during the 5-year study. In regular season games, the majority of concussions were sustained on running and passing plays (n = 119/season), and the highest average rate per play occurred on kickoffs (0.69/100 plays). Defensive secondary (cornerbacks, safeties, and generic defensive backs) and offensive line incurred the most concussions, and the highest rates of concussion were among tight ends and wide receivers.
Concussions in the NFL are a key focus for player safety. Concussion reduction strategies were implemented before 2018, after which there was a sustained 2-year decrease in concussion incidence, providing a new benchmark from which to work toward further injury reduction.
美式足球（美国国家橄榄球联盟，NFL）中的脑震荡是一个主要的研究领域，也是预防伤害的关键关注点。全面、准确地描述这些损伤发生的时间、方式和对象，有助于减少损伤。现有的 NFL 脑震荡研究使用了公开数据，这可能会限制数据质量和可得出的结论。
NFL 球员的脑震荡发生率在 2015 年至 2019 年期间呈下降趋势。
描述性流行病学研究。
4 级。
通过年度、赛季、比赛类型和球员位置，描述了 2015 年至 2019 年期间，NFL 现役球员的脑震荡发生率，包括次数、单赛季风险以及每场比赛和每位球员的发生率。
在 2015 年至 2019 年间，从 1004 名球员中确定了 1302 例脑震荡，其中 80%发生在 NFL 比赛中。在研究期间，每赛季比赛中脑震荡的发生率从 2015 年至 2017 年的 230.7 例逐渐下降到 2018 年至 2019 年的 177.0 例，比赛中脑震荡的发生率下降了 23%（<0.01）。整个研究期间，练习中的脑震荡每年波动在 38 至 67 例之间（平均为 50.8/赛季）。季前赛每 100 场比赛中有 70.6 例脑震荡，略高于常规赛每 100 场比赛 61.7 例的发生率。整个 5 年研究期间，常规赛共有 4657243 名球员进行了 790 次比赛，发生了 114428 次球员比赛。在常规赛中，大多数脑震荡发生在跑动和传球比赛中（119 例/赛季），而开球的平均每场比赛发生率最高（0.69/100 次）。防守二线（角卫、安全卫和通用防守卫）和进攻线球员发生的脑震荡最多，而近端锋和外接手的脑震荡发生率最高。
NFL 中的脑震荡是球员安全的一个关键关注点。在 2018 年之前实施了脑震荡减少策略，此后脑震荡发生率持续下降了 2 年，为进一步减少损伤提供了新的基准。
