Claudy Marius C, Aquino Karl, Graso Maja
College of Business, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Front Psychol. 2022 Jun 29;13:898027. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.898027. eCollection 2022.
Over the coming years, AI could increasingly replace humans for making complex decisions because of the promise it holds for standardizing and debiasing decision-making procedures. Despite intense debates regarding algorithmic fairness, little research has examined how laypeople react when resource-allocation decisions are turned over to AI. We address this question by examining the role of perceived impartiality as a factor that can influence the acceptance of AI as a replacement for human decision-makers. We posit that laypeople attribute greater impartiality to AI than human decision-makers. Our investigation shows that people value impartiality in decision procedures that concern the allocation of scarce resources and that people perceive AI as more capable of impartiality than humans. Yet, paradoxically, laypeople prefer human decision-makers in allocation decisions. This preference reverses when potential human biases are made salient. The findings highlight the importance of impartiality in AI and thus hold implications for the design of policy measures.
在未来几年，由于人工智能有望使决策程序标准化并消除偏差，它可能会越来越多地取代人类做出复杂决策。尽管围绕算法公平性存在激烈辩论，但很少有研究探讨当资源分配决策交给人工智能时，普通民众会作何反应。我们通过研究感知公正性作为一种能够影响人们接受人工智能取代人类决策者的因素所起的作用来解决这个问题。我们假定，普通民众认为人工智能比人类决策者更公正。我们的调查表明，人们重视涉及稀缺资源分配的决策程序中的公正性，并且人们认为人工智能比人类更有能力做到公正。然而，矛盾的是，普通民众在分配决策中更喜欢人类决策者。当潜在的人类偏见变得明显时，这种偏好就会逆转。这些发现凸显了公正性在人工智能中的重要性，因此对政策措施的设计具有启示意义。
