巴西亚马逊地区一大型城市活跃性女性中 HPV 和沙眼衣原体性感染的高流行率。
High prevalence of sexual infection by human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis in sexually-active women from a large city in the Amazon region of Brazil.
机构信息
Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tropical Medicine Center, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Tropical Medicine Center, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2022 Jul 18;17(7):e0270874. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270874. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Chlamydia trachomatis are the most prevalent Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) worldwide, and are associated cervical cancer and pelvic inflammatory disease, respectively. However, 80% of women testing positive are asymptomatic. In the Amazon region, young women, in particular, are widely exposed to the infections and their consequences.
OBJECTIVES
Determine the prevalence of sexual infection by HPV and C. trachomatis in young, sexually-active women treated at a university health program in a large city of the Brazilian Amazon region.
METHODS
We amplified the L1 gene of HPV. We amplified ompA gene of C. trachomatis by nested PCR, and the study participants filled in a questionnaire on their social, epidemiological, and reproductive health characteristics. The data were analyzed using the Odds Ratio, to evaluate the degree of association of these variables with the observed infections.
RESULTS
The prevalence of infection by HPV was 15.5% (47/303). This infection was recorded in 32.2% of the women of less than 25 years of age (OR:3.02 [CI95%] = 1.32-6.92; p = 0.014), 17.9% of the single women (OR: 2.41 [CI95%] = 1.22-4.75; p = 0.014), 23.8% of the women that reported having first sexual intercourse at less than 15 years of age (OR: 2.22 [CI95%] = 1.16-4.23; p = 0.021), 20% of those that reported having had more than one sexual partner during their lifetime (OR: 3.83 [CI95%] = 1.56-9.37; p = 0.003), and in 28.3% that use oral contraceptives (CI95% = 1.33-5.43; p = 0.008). The prevalence of sexual infection by C. trachomatis was 4.6% (14/303), and this bacterium was present in 16.1% of the young women of less than 25 years of age (OR: 2.86 [CI95%] = 1.33-5.43; p = 0.008).
CONCLUSIONS
We found a high prevalence of HPV in young, unmarried women who started their sex lives early, who had several sexual partners in their lives and who used oral contraceptives. The prevalence of C. trachomatis was high only in young women. Our data are in accordance with other studies in Brazil and in the world and may serve to base the formulation of diagnostic and screening measures for these infections in women in the Amazon.
背景
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）和沙眼衣原体是全球最常见的性传播感染（STI），分别与宫颈癌和盆腔炎有关。然而，80%的检测呈阳性的女性无症状。在亚马逊地区，年轻女性尤其广泛受到这些感染及其后果的影响。
目的
确定在巴西亚马逊地区一个大城市的大学健康计划中接受治疗的年轻、活跃的性活跃女性中 HPV 和 C. trachomatis 性感染的流行率。
方法
我们扩增了 HPV 的 L1 基因。我们通过巢式 PCR 扩增 C. trachomatis 的 ompA 基因，研究参与者填写了一份关于他们的社会、流行病学和生殖健康特征的问卷。使用优势比（OR）分析数据，以评估这些变量与观察到的感染之间的关联程度。
结果
HPV 感染的流行率为 15.5%（47/303）。这种感染在年龄小于 25 岁的女性中记录到 32.2%（OR：3.02 [95%CI] = 1.32-6.92；p = 0.014），单身女性中 17.9%（OR：2.41 [95%CI] = 1.22-4.75；p = 0.014），首次性行为发生在 15 岁以下的女性中 23.8%（OR：2.22 [95%CI] = 1.16-4.23；p = 0.021），报告一生中发生性行为的女性中有 20%（OR：3.83 [95%CI] = 1.56-9.37；p = 0.003），以及使用口服避孕药的女性中有 28.3%（CI95% = 1.33-5.43；p = 0.008）。沙眼衣原体性感染的流行率为 4.6%（14/303），25 岁以下的年轻女性中存在这种细菌的比例为 16.1%（OR：2.86 [95%CI] = 1.33-5.43；p = 0.008）。
结论
我们发现 HPV 在年轻、未婚、较早开始性生活、一生中发生性行为的女性中以及使用口服避孕药的女性中流行率较高。沙眼衣原体的流行率仅在年轻女性中较高。我们的数据与巴西和世界其他地区的其他研究一致，可为制定亚马逊地区妇女这些感染的诊断和筛查措施提供依据。
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