Anderson D E, Dietz J R, Murphy P
J Hypertens. 1987 Feb;5(1):99-105. doi: 10.1097/00004872-198702000-00014.
Instrumented dogs were presented with two daily avoidance conditioning sessions during 12 days of continuous saline infusion (1.3 l/day). Avoidance conditioning of sodium-loaded dogs resulted in progressive 24-h hypertension over the 12-day conditioning periods (systolic, 21 +/- 3 mmHg; diastolic, 15 +/- 1 mmHg) accompanied by a decreased 24-h heart rate (-14.8 +/- 4.0 beats/min). Under these conditions, renal excretion of sodium decreased relative to sodium intake (-88 +/- 19 mmol/12 days) while urine volume was increased relative to water intake (0.18 +/- 0.07 l/day). The sodium retention was accompanied by increased plasma sodium levels (1.8 +/- 0.7 mmol/l) and decreased plasma calcium levels (-1.2 +/- 0.2 mmol/l). Daily creatinine clearance decreased during the development of hypertension (-53 +/- 13% per day). Subsequently, each dog was exposed to 12 days of saline infusion in the absence of avoidance sessions. Under these conditions, arterial pressure and sodium balance remained stable. It was concluded that the rapidly developing and reversible hypertension occurring in sodium-loaded dogs exposed to recurrent behavioural stress is mediated by increased levels of total body sodium.
在持续输注生理盐水（1.3升/天）的12天里，给植入仪器的犬每天进行两次回避条件反射训练。在12天的训练期间，钠负荷犬的回避条件反射导致24小时血压逐渐升高（收缩压，21±3毫米汞柱；舒张压，15±1毫米汞柱），同时24小时心率下降（-14.8±4.0次/分钟）。在这些条件下，相对于钠摄入量，钠的肾排泄减少（-88±19毫摩尔/12天），而相对于水摄入量，尿量增加（0.18±0.07升/天）。钠潴留伴随着血浆钠水平升高（1.8±0.7毫摩尔/升）和血浆钙水平降低（-1.2±0.2毫摩尔/升）。在高血压发展过程中，每日肌酐清除率下降（每天-53±13%）。随后，在没有回避训练的情况下，让每只犬接受12天的生理盐水输注。在这些条件下，动脉血压和钠平衡保持稳定。得出的结论是，暴露于反复行为应激的钠负荷犬中迅速发展且可逆的高血压是由全身钠水平升高介导的。
