Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Dec;29(59):89245-89254. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-22016-w. Epub 2022 Jul 18.
Illicit drug use is a global problem imposing social, economic, and health burdens on society. Wastewater-based epidemiology is an approach based on calculating the consumption of substances in the target population by analyzing the concentrations of human metabolic excretion products of licit and illicit substances in wastewater. This study estimated the changes in illicit drugs (cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, ecstasy (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine), heroin, and marijuana (THC)), alcohol, and nicotine consumption in Adana Province during Ramadan compared to normal periods using wastewater-based epidemiology. An overall decrease was observed during the Ramadan Period, most strongly for ecstasy (29%) followed by heroin (19%). For cocaine, the variation was the slightest (8.6%). The differences were statistically significant for ecstasy, heroin, nicotine, and alcohol but not for cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, and marijuana. This study is the first to show changes in the use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and nicotine under the influence of religious beliefs. In addition, there is limited data about illicit drugs, alcohol and nicotine abusers/users in Ramadan. This study provides information on the literature on this subject.
非法药物使用是一个全球性问题，给社会带来了社会、经济和健康负担。基于废水的流行病学是一种通过分析废水中合法和非法物质的人体代谢排泄产物的浓度来计算目标人群中物质消费的方法。本研究使用基于废水的流行病学方法，估计了在斋月期间与正常时期相比，阿德南省（土耳其城市）非法药物（可卡因、苯丙胺、甲基苯丙胺、摇头丸（3,4-亚甲基二氧甲基苯丙胺）、海洛因和大麻（四氢大麻酚））、酒精和尼古丁消费的变化。在斋月期间观察到总体下降，摇头丸（29%）下降最为明显，其次是海洛因（19%）。可卡因的变化最小（8.6%）。摇头丸、海洛因、尼古丁和酒精的变化具有统计学意义，但可卡因、苯丙胺、甲基苯丙胺和大麻则没有。本研究首次表明在宗教信仰的影响下，非法药物、酒精和尼古丁的使用发生了变化。此外，关于斋月期间非法药物、酒精和尼古丁滥用者/使用者的数据有限。本研究为该主题的文献提供了信息。
