Marselina Mariana, Wibowo Fachriah, Mushfiroh Arini
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
Heliyon. 2022 Jul 3;8(7):e09848. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09848. eCollection 2022 Jul.
Water quality index (WQI) can express overall water quality status in a single term. As such, the application of daily WQI assessment should help the general public be more aware of the condition of the surface water around them. As the longest and biggest river in the West Java Province, the Citarum River plays an important role in the life of the community and ecosystem around it. Therefore, this research evaluated which WQI assessment method was best suited for determining the Citarum River's water quality. We utilized West Java Province monitoring data collected from four monitoring stations along the Upstream Citarum. The WQI was calculated using the National Sanitation Foundation WQI (NSF WQI), Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment WQI (CCME WQI), and Oregon Water Quality Index (OWQI) assessment methods. Nine years of monitoring data were grouped and analyzed according to wet vs. dry months, wet vs. dry years, monitoring station, and year. Using the NSF WQI assessment method, the Citarum River obtained a 'Fair' and 'Bad' water quality grade with WQI ranging between 38.212 and 60.903 during dry months, 49.089 and 62.348 during wet months, 42.935 and 65.696 during dry years, and 39.002 and 58.898 during wet years. The data ranged from 41.458 and 61.206 from each monitoring station, and between 35.920 and 58.713 for the data from each monitoring year. The CCME WQI assessment method showed that the Citarum River had 'Fair', 'Marginal', and 'Bad' water quality with WQI ranging between 12.683 and 31.503 during dry months, 21.231 and 33.127 during wet months, 12.683 and 31.503 during dry years, 12.134 and 28.748 during wet years, 13.621 and 30.569 for the data from each monitoring station, and 13.219 and 68.808 for the data from each monitoring year. The OWQI assessment method gave the Citarum River a 'Very Bad' water quality rating with WQI ranging between 11.528 and 18.827 during dry months, 13.898 and 24.563 during wet months, 11.528 and 25.782 during dry years, 11.528 and 15.997 during wet years, 11.528 and 18.842 for each monitoring station, and 11.523 and 16.528 for the data from each monitoring year. Based on these results and the collated advantages and disadvantages of each method, the NSF WQI assessment method was deemed to be the best for determining the Citarum River's water quality.
水质指数（WQI）能够用一个单一的术语来表述整体水质状况。因此，每日进行WQI评估有助于让普通公众更了解其周边地表水的状况。作为西爪哇省最长且最大的河流，芝塔龙河在其周边社区生活和生态系统中发挥着重要作用。因此，本研究评估了哪种WQI评估方法最适合用于判定芝塔龙河的水质。我们利用了从芝塔龙河上游四个监测站收集的西爪哇省监测数据。使用美国国家卫生基金会水质指数（NSF WQI）、加拿大环境部长理事会水质指数（CCME WQI）以及俄勒冈水质指数（OWQI）评估方法来计算WQI。对九年的监测数据按照湿润月份与干燥月份、湿润年份与干燥年份、监测站以及年份进行分组和分析。采用NSF WQI评估方法时，芝塔龙河在干燥月份的WQI介于38.212和60.903之间，水质等级为“一般”和“较差”；在湿润月份，WQI介于49.089和62.348之间；在干燥年份，WQI介于42.935和65.696之间；在湿润年份，WQI介于39.002和58.898之间。各监测站的数据范围在41.458和61.206之间，各监测年份的数据范围在35.920和58.713之间。CCME WQI评估方法表明，芝塔龙河的水质为“一般”、“边缘”和“较差”，在干燥月份的WQI介于12.683和31.503之间，在湿润月份介于21.231和33.127之间，在干燥年份介于12.683和31.503之间，在湿润年份介于12.134和28.748之间，各监测站的数据范围在13.621和30.569之间，各监测年份的数据范围在13.219和68.808之间。OWQI评估方法给出芝塔龙河“极差”的水质评级，在干燥月份的WQI介于11.528和18.827之间，在湿润月份介于13.898和24.563之间，在干燥年份介于11.528和25.782之间，在湿润年份介于11.528和15.997之间，各监测站的数据范围在11.528和18.842之间，各监测年份的数据范围在11.523和16.528之间。基于这些结果以及各方法整理出的优缺点，NSF WQI评估方法被认为最适合用于判定芝塔龙河的水质。
