ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, 700120, Kolkata, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Jun 1;194(7):469. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-10007-w.
Water quality of the Ganga River system is changing day by day due to multifold increase in population, especially near the banks of river Ganga, and associated exponential amplification of anthropogenic activities also played a remarkable role in it. The ecologically important lower and estuarine stretch of river Ganga comprising 7 different sampling stations, i.e., Jangipur, Berhampore, Balagarh, Tribeni, Godakhali, Diamond Harbour and Fraserganj, were selected for the study as the stretch is enriched with the vast number of floral and faunal diversity. The study was conducted for a period of 5 years, i.e., from 2016 to 2020. In the study, various analytical tools and techniques were used for the assessment of riverine water quality, i.e., for calculation of water quality index (WQI); The National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI) and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME-WQI) were used for the assessment. Along with WQI various statistical univariate as well as multivariate analytical tools like principal component analysis, correlation, ANOVA, and cluster analysis were also used to achieve the desired outputs. In the study, it has been observed that NSF-WQI varied from 61 to 2552, in which the higher value of NSF-WQI denoted the unsuitability of the water quality concerning the drinking water standards and vice versa. The CCME-WQI represented a similar trend as that of NSF-WQI, as it varied from 18 to 92 in which the lower value denoted degradation in the drinking water quality and vice versa. The study revealed that the Diamond Harbour-Fraserganj stretch is having an undesired level of water quality which were analyzed based on the drinking water guideline values of the Bureau of Indian Standards and that of NSF-WQI and CCME-WQI.
恒河河水水质由于人口的多倍增长而日益变化，特别是在恒河两岸，人类活动的指数级扩增也对此产生了显著影响。恒河下游和河口地区生态十分重要，包含了 7 个不同的采样点，即詹吉尔普尔、贝拉姆普尔、巴尔加赫、特里贝尼、戈达哈利、钻石港和弗雷泽甘杰，这些采样点被选中进行研究，因为它们拥有丰富的动植物多样性。该研究持续了 5 年，即从 2016 年到 2020 年。在研究中，使用了各种分析工具和技术来评估河流水质，包括计算水质指数（WQI）；使用了国家环境卫生基金会水质指数（NSF-WQI）和加拿大环境部长理事会水质指数（CCME-WQI）进行评估。除了 WQI，还使用了各种单变量和多变量统计分析工具，如主成分分析、相关性、方差分析和聚类分析，以获得所需的结果。在研究中，观察到 NSF-WQI 从 61 到 2552 不等，其中 NSF-WQI 的较高值表示水质不适宜饮用水标准，反之亦然。CCME-WQI 呈现出与 NSF-WQI 相似的趋势，因为它从 18 到 92 不等，其中较低的值表示饮用水质量下降，反之亦然。研究表明，钻石港-弗雷泽甘杰段的水质较差，这是基于印度标准局的饮用水指导值以及 NSF-WQI 和 CCME-WQI 进行的分析。
