Li Hang, Zhou Junjie, Tan Liguo, Li Minghao, Jiang Chaofan, Wang Siyang, Zhao Xing, Liu Yue, Zhang Yu, Ye Yiran, Tress Wolfgang, Yi Chenyi
State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Institute of Computational Physics (ICP), ZHAW School of Engineering, Wildbachstr. 21, Winterthur 8400, Switzerland.
Sci Adv. 2022 Jul 15;8(28):eabo7422. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abo7422.
Vacuum evaporation is promising for the high-throughput fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of its solvent-free characteristic, precise control of film thickness, and compatibility with large-scale production. Nevertheless, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs fabricated by vacuum evaporation lags behind that of solution-processed PSCs. Here, we report a Cl-containing alloy-mediated sequential vacuum evaporation approach to fabricate perovskite films. The presence of Cl in the alloy facilitates organic ammonium halide diffusion and the subsequent perovskite conversion reaction, leading to homogeneous pinhole-free perovskite films with few defects. The resulting PSCs yield a PCE of 24.42%, 23.44% (certified 22.6%), and 19.87% for 0.1, 1.0, and 14.4 square centimeters (mini-module, aperture area), respectively. The unencapsulated PSCs show good stability with negligible decline in performance after storage in dry air for more than 4000 hours. Our method provides a reproducible approach for scalable fabrication of large-area, high-efficiency PSCs and other perovskite-based optoelectronics.
真空蒸发由于其无溶剂特性、对薄膜厚度的精确控制以及与大规模生产的兼容性，在钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的高通量制造方面具有广阔前景。然而，通过真空蒸发制造的PSC的功率转换效率（PCE）落后于溶液处理的PSC。在此，我们报告一种含氯合金介导的顺序真空蒸发方法来制造钙钛矿薄膜。合金中氯的存在促进了有机卤化铵的扩散以及随后的钙钛矿转化反应，从而得到均匀无针孔且缺陷极少的钙钛矿薄膜。对于0.1平方厘米、1.0平方厘米和14.4平方厘米（微型模块，孔径面积）的PSC，其PCE分别为24.42%、23.44%（认证值为22.6%）和19.87%。未封装的PSC表现出良好的稳定性，在干燥空气中储存超过4000小时后性能下降可忽略不计。我们的方法为大面积、高效率PSC以及其他基于钙钛矿的光电器件的可扩展制造提供了一种可重复的方法。
