DuPrey Kevin M, Char Amber S, Loose Sean R, Suffredini Michael V, Walpole Kevin, Cronholm Peter F
Department of Sports Medicine, Crozer Health, Springfield, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Orthop J Sports Med. 2022 Jul 15;10(7):23259671221105256. doi: 10.1177/23259671221105256. eCollection 2022 Jul.
Sleep issues are commonly reported in athletes after a sport-related concussion (SRC). Further studies are needed to evaluate screening methods for sleep disturbances and the risk of persisting symptoms after an SRC.
To evaluate the association between the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT5) symptoms of trouble falling asleep, fatigue (or low energy), and drowsiness and the risk of persisting symptoms (≥28 days to recovery) in adolescent athletes.
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.
A total of 519 athletes aged 13 to 18 years reported any sleep-related symptoms with an SRC, scored as none (0), mild (1-2), moderate (3-4), or severe (5-6), at their initial office visit (median, 5.4 days after an SRC). Scores were correlated with the risk of persisting symptoms. A composite "sleep cluster" score (range, 0-18) was calculated by summing the SCAT5 component items for trouble falling asleep, fatigue, and drowsiness.
The results indicated that, compared with athletes who reported that they did not have each symptom, (1) athletes who reported mild, moderate, or severe trouble falling asleep were 3.0, 4.6, and 6.7 times more likely to have persisting symptoms, respectively; (2) athletes reporting mild, moderate, or severe fatigue (or low energy) were 2.6, 4.8, and 7.6 times more likely to have persisting symptoms, respectively; and (3) athletes reporting mild, moderate, or severe drowsiness were 1.9, 4.6, and 6.8 times more likely to have persisting symptoms, respectively ( < .001 for all). For every 1-point increase in the sleep cluster score, there was a 1.2-fold increased risk of persisting symptoms and an additional 2.4 days of recovery required ( < .001 for both).
Athletes who reported mild, moderate, or severe sleep-related symptoms on the SCAT5 were at a proportionally increased risk of persisting symptoms at the initial office visit.
在与运动相关的脑震荡（SRC）后，运动员中普遍存在睡眠问题。需要进一步研究来评估睡眠障碍的筛查方法以及SRC后持续症状的风险。
评估青少年运动员中，运动脑震荡评估工具5（SCAT5）中入睡困难、疲劳（或精力不足）和嗜睡症状与持续症状（恢复时间≥28天）风险之间的关联。
队列研究；证据等级，3级。
共有519名13至18岁的运动员在初次就诊时（SRC后中位数为5.4天）报告了与SRC相关的任何睡眠相关症状，症状分为无（0）、轻度（1 - 2）、中度（3 - 4）或重度（5 - 6）。这些得分与持续症状的风险相关。通过将SCAT5中入睡困难、疲劳和嗜睡的组成项目得分相加，计算出一个综合的“睡眠簇”得分（范围为0 - 18）。
结果表明，与报告没有每种症状的运动员相比，（1）报告轻度、中度或重度入睡困难的运动员出现持续症状的可能性分别是其3.0倍、4.6倍和6.7倍；（2）报告轻度、中度或重度疲劳（或精力不足）的运动员出现持续症状的可能性分别是其2.6倍、4.8倍和7.6倍；（3）报告轻度、中度或重度嗜睡的运动员出现持续症状的可能性分别是其1.9倍、4.6倍和6.8倍（所有P均<0.001）。睡眠簇得分每增加1分，出现持续症状的风险增加1.2倍，恢复所需时间额外增加2.天（两者P均<0.001）。
在初次就诊时，在SCAT5上报告有轻度、中度或重度睡眠相关症状的运动员出现持续症状的风险成比例增加。
