Havermans Anne, Mallock Nadja, Zervas Efthimios, Caillé-Garnier Stéphanie, Mansuy Thibault, Michel Cécile, Pennings Jeroen L A, Schulz Thomas, Schwarze Per E, Solimini Renata, Tassin Jean-Pol, Vardavas Constantine I, Merino Miguel, Pauwels Charlotte G G M, van Nierop Lotte E, Lambré Claude, Bolling Anette K
Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands.
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.
Tob Prev Cessat. 2022 Jul 5;8:27. doi: 10.18332/tpc/151529. eCollection 2022.
The European Union Tobacco Products Directive (EU TPD) mandates enhanced reporting obligations for tobacco manufacturers regarding 15 priority additives. Within the Joint Action on Tobacco Control (JATC), a review panel of independent experts was appointed for the scientific evaluation of the additive reports submitted by a consortium of 12 tobacco manufacturers. As required by the TPD, the reports were evaluated based on their comprehensiveness, methodology and conclusions. In addition, we evaluated the chemical, toxicological, addictive, inhalation facilitating and flavoring properties of the priority additives based on the submitted reports, supplemented by the panel's expert knowledge and some independent literature. The industry concluded that none of the additives is associated with concern. Due to significant methodological limitations, we question the scientific validity of these conclusions and conclude that they are not warranted. Our review demonstrates that many issues regarding toxicity, addictiveness and attractiveness of the additives have not been sufficiently addressed, and therefore concerns remain. For example, menthol facilitates inhalation by activation of the cooling receptor TRPM8. The addition of sorbitol and guar gum leads to a significant increase of aldehydes that may contribute to toxicity and addictiveness. Titanium dioxide particles (aerodynamic diameter <10 µm) are legally classified as carcinogenic when inhaled. For diacetyl no report was provided. Overall, the industry reports were not comprehensive, and the information presented provides an insufficient basis for the regulation of most additives. We, therefore, advise MS to consider alternative approaches such as the precautionary principle.
欧盟烟草制品指令(EU TPD)规定烟草制造商对15种优先添加剂承担更多报告义务。在烟草控制联合行动(JATC)中,任命了一个独立专家评审小组,对由12家烟草制造商组成的财团提交的添加剂报告进行科学评估。根据TPD的要求,对报告的全面性、方法和结论进行了评估。此外,我们根据提交的报告,并辅以专家小组的专业知识和一些独立文献,对优先添加剂的化学、毒理学、成瘾性、促进吸入和调味特性进行了评估。该行业得出结论,没有一种添加剂存在问题。由于存在重大的方法局限性,我们对这些结论的科学有效性表示质疑,并得出结论认为这些结论是没有根据的。我们的审查表明,关于添加剂的毒性、成瘾性和吸引力的许多问题尚未得到充分解决,因此仍然存在担忧。例如,薄荷醇通过激活冷感受器TRPM8来促进吸入。山梨醇和瓜尔胶的添加会导致醛类物质显著增加,这可能会导致毒性和成瘾性。二氧化钛颗粒(空气动力学直径<10µm)吸入时依法被列为致癌物。对于双乙酰,未提供报告。总体而言,行业报告并不全面,所提供的信息不足以作为对大多数添加剂进行监管的依据。因此,我们建议成员国考虑采用替代方法,如预防原则。