National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
DTU quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) team, Research Group for Chemical Risk Assessment and GMO, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
Toxicology. 2022 Jul;477:153261. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153261. Epub 2022 Jul 18.
Spray-formulated engine/brake cleaners and lubricating agents are widely used to maintain machines. The occupational exposure to their aerosols is evident. To assess the carcinogenic potential of these products, we identified such products available in the European Union (EU). We built a database with CAS numbers of 1) mono-constituent substances, and 2) multi-constituent-substances, and unknown-or-variable-composition,-complex-reaction-products-and-biological-materials (multi-constituent/UVCBs). The compositions of multi-constituent/UVCBs were unravelled with European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) registration dossiers. To identify carcinogenic potentials, we searched for 1) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classification; 2) Harmonised classifications in Annex VI to the EU classification, labelling and packaging (CLP) Regulation; and 3) whether they had a Danish Environmental Protection Agency advisory CLP self-classification based on quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for genotoxicity and carcinogenicity in the Danish (Q)SAR Database. In 82 products, we identified 332 mono-constituent substances and 44 multi-constituent/UVCBs. Six substances were either IARC 1 or 2B classified. Twelve mono-constituent substances and 22 multi-constituent/UVCBs had harmonised classifications as Carcinogenic Category 1A, 1B or 2, while nine substances fulfilled the QSAR-based advisory self-classification algorithms for mutagenicity or carcinogenicity. At the product level, 39 products contained substances of carcinogenic concern by either IARC, harmonised classification or QSAR. We conclude that in the investigated EU marketed spray-formulated engine/brake cleaners and lubricants, 24 of 332 mono-constituent substances and 28 of 44 multi-constituent/UVCBs had a carcinogenic potential. At the product level, 39 of 82 contained substances with an identified carcinogenic potential. Regulators and manufacturers can use this determination of carcinogenic potential to decrease occupational risk.
喷雾型发动机/制动清洁剂和润滑剂广泛用于机器维护。职业接触其气溶胶是显而易见的。为了评估这些产品的致癌潜力，我们确定了欧盟（EU）市场上可用的此类产品。我们建立了一个数据库，其中包含 1）单一成分物质和 2）多成分物质的 CAS 编号，以及未知或可变成分、复杂反应产物和生物材料（多成分/UVCB）。多成分/UVCB 的成分是通过欧洲化学品管理局（ECHA）的注册文件解开的。为了确定致癌潜力，我们搜索了 1）国际癌症研究机构（IARC）分类；2）欧盟分类、标签和包装（CLP）法规附件 VI 中的协调分类；3）它们是否根据丹麦（Q）SAR 数据库中的遗传毒性和致癌性定量构效关系（QSAR）具有丹麦环境保护局咨询 CLP 自我分类。在 82 种产品中，我们确定了 332 种单一成分物质和 44 种多成分/UVCB。有 6 种物质被归类为 IARC 1 类或 2B 类。有 12 种单一成分物质和 22 种多成分/UVCB 被归类为致癌类别 1A、1B 或 2，而 9 种物质符合基于 QSAR 的诱变或致癌性咨询性自我分类算法。在产品层面，39 种产品含有 IARC、协调分类或 QSAR 认定的致癌物质。我们的结论是，在所调查的欧盟市场上销售的喷雾型发动机/制动清洁剂和润滑剂中，24 种 332 种单一成分物质和 28 种 44 种多成分/UVCB 具有致癌潜力。在产品层面，39 种产品含有已确定致癌潜力的物质。监管机构和制造商可以使用这种致癌潜力的确定来降低职业风险。
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