美国仅使用大麻的情况：流行率、人口统计学特征、使用模式及健康指标。
Cannabis-only use in the USA: prevalence, demographics, use patterns, and health indicators.
作者信息
Carlini Beatriz H, Schauer Gillian L
机构信息
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Department, Addictions, Drug & Alcohol Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
出版信息
J Cannabis Res. 2022 Jul 22;4(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s42238-022-00143-y.
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of adults who consume cannabis while abstaining from other substances is not known in the USA. This study used nationally representative data to estimate the prevalence and explore the demographic characteristics, cannabis use behaviors, and self-reported health of US adults with past 30-day cannabis-only use, as compared with adults who used cannabis as well as other substances.
METHODS
Data came from adults 18 years and older who responded to the 2017 or 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health and reported past 30-day cannabis use (n = 12,143). Cannabis-only use was defined as past 30-day cannabis use with no past 30-day use of other substances (alcohol, tobacco, other illicit substances, non-prescribed controlled medications). Weighted frequencies and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed for all sociodemographic and cannabis-related variables, overall, and across the two categories of cannabis consumers, stratified by age.
RESULTS
The prevalence of past 30-day cannabis-only use among US adults was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.8, 1.0) and varied by age (2.0% of 18-25 years old; 0.7% of 26-49 year olds, and 0.6% of those ≥ 50 years). Among adults with any past 30-day cannabis use, 8.4% (95% CI: 7.6, 9.2; n = 980) reported cannabis-only use. Age was significantly associated with past 30-day cannabis-only use, with adults 18-25 years and 26-49 years having higher odds of cannabis-only use compared with older adults. Past year cannabis dependence was lowest among cannabis-only consumers aged ≥ 50 years (0.2%; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.5) and highest among young adult cannabis and other substance consumers (16.7%; 95% CI: 15.3, 18.2). Past year prevalence of any mental illness was generally similar across cannabis use groups and by age.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of adult cannabis-only use in the US is low - most cannabis consumers report using other substances in the past 30 days as well. While cannabis-only use among older adults is rare, it does not appear to be accompanied by a high prevalence of dependence. These findings should guide future research and policymaking.
背景
在美国，只吸食大麻而不使用其他物质的成年人的患病率尚不清楚。本研究使用全国代表性数据来估计患病率，并探讨过去30天仅使用大麻的美国成年人的人口统计学特征、大麻使用行为和自我报告的健康状况，与同时使用大麻和其他物质的成年人进行比较。
方法
数据来自18岁及以上且对2017年或2018年全国药物使用和健康调查做出回应并报告过去30天使用过大麻的成年人（n = 12,143）。仅使用大麻被定义为过去30天使用过大麻且过去30天未使用其他物质（酒精、烟草、其他非法物质、非处方管制药物）。计算了所有社会人口统计学和与大麻相关变量的加权频率和95%置信区间（CI），总体而言，并按年龄分层，在两类大麻消费者中进行计算。
结果
美国成年人中过去30天仅使用大麻的患病率为0.9%（95%CI：0.8，1.0），且因年龄而异（18 - 25岁为2.0%；26 - 49岁为0.7%，50岁及以上为0.6%）。在过去30天内使用过大麻的成年人中，8.4%（95%CI：7.6，9.2；n = 980）报告仅使用大麻。年龄与过去30天仅使用大麻显著相关，18 - 25岁和26 - 49岁的成年人仅使用大麻的几率高于年长者。过去一年大麻依赖率在50岁及以上的仅使用大麻消费者中最低（0.2%；95%CI：0.1，0.5），在年轻成年大麻及其他物质使用者中最高（16.7%；95%CI：15.3，18.2）。过去一年任何精神疾病的患病率在各大麻使用组和不同年龄组中总体相似。
结论
美国成年人中仅使用大麻的患病率较低——大多数大麻使用者报告在过去30天内也使用其他物质。虽然年长者中仅使用大麻的情况很少见，但似乎并未伴随着高依赖率。这些发现应为未来的研究和政策制定提供指导。
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