公共卫生培训中心对社区卫生工作者的支持：需求评估、培训和学生实习计划的案例研究。

Public Health Training Centers' Support for Community Health Workers: Case Studies of Needs Assessment, Training, and Student Field Placement Initiatives.

机构信息

Region VI South Central Public Health Training Center, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (Drs Lederer and Reinschmidt and Mr Shorter); Region I New England Public Health Training Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Ms Barrett and Dr Kenefick); Region V Public Health Training Center, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Mss Kulik, Morales, and Shrestha); Mobilizing Action Towards Community Health (MATCH) Group, University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, Madison, Wisconsin (Mss Morales and Shrestha); and Oklahoma Public Health Training Center, Hudson College of Public Health, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (Dr Reinschmidt).

出版信息

J Public Health Manag Pract. 2022;28(5 Suppl 5):S212-S222. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001526.

DOI:10.1097/PHH.0000000000001526

PMID:35867491

Abstract

CONTEXT

Community health workers (CHWs) are vital frontline public health workers. Given their trusted roles and connection to and understanding of the communities they serve, CHWs are able to link underserved communities to resources and public health agencies. With CHWs' increased prominence in the public health workforce, calls have been made for expanding and supporting CHW training and career development opportunities.

PROGRAM

Public health training centers (PHTCs) are mandated to assess public health workforce needs, provide evidence-based professional development trainings, and increase students' aptitude for working with underserved and underresourced communities through applied practice experiences. Public health training centers can support CHWs in each of these areas.

DESIGN

Case studies from 3 PHTCs are provided to exemplify how PHTCs are well positioned to support the critical CHW workforce via assessment, training, and student field placements.

IMPLEMENTATION

A regional needs assessment survey with a designated section for CHWs, the provision of accessible and relevant CHW training, and CHW-focused student field placements were implemented in PHTC Regions 6/South Central, 1/New England, and 5/Great Lakes, respectively.

EVALUATION

The Region 6 needs assessment found that CHWs in Oklahoma had multiple core roles and training interests. A crosswalk of needs and available training in the region guided the creation of tailored CHW trainings. Across 35 CHW-targeted trainings in Region 1, 88.5% of trainees were satisfied with the trainings and identified actions they could take to apply information they learned to their work. Significant improvements ( P < .001) in knowledge occurred across the 13 trainings that had pre-/posttests. In Region 5, students engaged with CHW-based organizations in Wisconsin to inform statewide CHW priority action items and deliverables and found the field placements meaningful for their academic experience.

DISCUSSION

Public health training centers' strengths in workforce development can complement and extend existing efforts to support the CHW workforce.

摘要

背景

社区卫生工作者（CHWs）是至关重要的一线公共卫生工作者。鉴于他们作为值得信赖的角色与服务社区的联系以及对社区的了解，CHWs 能够将服务不足的社区与资源和公共卫生机构联系起来。随着 CHWs 在公共卫生劳动力中的地位不断提高，人们呼吁扩大和支持 CHW 培训和职业发展机会。

项目

公共卫生培训中心（PHTC）的任务是评估公共卫生劳动力需求，提供基于证据的专业发展培训，并通过应用实践经验提高学生为服务不足和资源匮乏的社区工作的能力。公共卫生培训中心可以在这些方面支持 CHWs。

设计

提供了来自 3 个 PHTC 的案例研究，以说明 PHTC 如何通过评估、培训和学生实地实习来支持关键的 CHW 劳动力。

实施

在 PHTC 地区 6/中南部、1/新英格兰和 5/大湖区分别实施了一项区域性需求评估调查，该调查有专门针对 CHWs 的部分，提供了方便获取的相关 CHW 培训，以及以 CHW 为重点的学生实地实习。

评估

地区 6 的需求评估发现，俄克拉荷马州的 CHWs 有多个核心角色和培训兴趣。该地区的需求与可用培训交叉，为定制 CHW 培训提供了指导。在第 1 区的 35 次针对 CHW 的培训中，88.5%的受训者对培训感到满意，并确定了他们可以采取的行动，将他们所学的信息应用到工作中。在有预/后测试的 13 次培训中，知识显著提高（P <.001）。在第 5 区，学生与威斯康星州的 CHW 组织合作，为全州范围内的 CHW 优先行动项目和可交付成果提供信息，并发现实地实习对他们的学术经验有意义。