Using deep learning for ultrasound images to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome with high accuracy.

Recently, deep learning (DL) algorithms have been adapted for the diagnosis of medical images. The purpose of this study was to detect image features using DL without measuring median nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) in ultrasonography (US) images of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and calculate the diagnostic accuracy from the confusion matrix obtained. US images of 50 hands without CTS and 50 hands diagnosed with CTS were used in this study. The short-axis image of the median nerve was visualized, and 5000 images of both groups were prepared. Forty hands in each group were used as training data for the DL algorithm, while the remainder were used as test data. Transfer learning was performed using three pre-trained models. The confusion matrix and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, regions where DL was determined to be important were visualized. The highest score had an accuracy of 0.96, precision of 0.99 and recall of 0.94. Visualization of the important features revealed that the DL models focused on the epineurium of the median nerve and the surrounding soft tissue. The proposed technique enables the accurate prediction of CTS without measurement of the CSA.