Eye centre, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Kuiwen District, No. 288 Shengli East Street, Weifang, 261035, China.
BMC Ophthalmol. 2022 Jul 22;22(1):315. doi: 10.1186/s12886-022-02525-5.
The macula of the retina is analysed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to provide clinical basis and explain the mechanism of smoking as a risk factor in dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
This cross-sectional study included 49 normal control nonsmokers, 12 normal control smokers, 38 dry AMD nonsmokers and 35 dry AMD smokers. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ), foveal density (FD) in a 300 μm region around FAZ, vessel densities of the superficial (SCP) and deep (DCP) capillary plexuses and central fovea retinal thickness (FRT) were compared using OCTA. The bivariate correlation analysis was used to evaluate the effect of pack-year history on retina-related indices.
The vessel densities of whole, foveal and parafoveal of SCP and whole and parafoveal of DCP in the control nonsmoking group were all significantly higher than those in the dry AMD nonsmoking group (all P < 0.05), whereas the whole vessel density of SCP in the normal smoking group was higher than that in the dry AMD smoking group (P = 0.04). The thickness values of the inner and full-layer FRT in the normal nonsmoking group were significantly thicker than those in the dry AMD nonsmoking group (all P < 0.01). The pack-year history was negatively correlated with the parafoveal vessel density of DCP (r = - 0.224, P < 0.01).
FD, SCP, DCP and FRT are sensitive indices for the detection of early and intermediate dry AMD. DCP is a sensitive indicator that reflects the effects of smoking on the retina. Considerable changes are observed in retinal vessels, suggesting that dry AMD may affect the retinal tissue to a certain extent.
利用光相干断层扫描血管造影术（OCTA）对视网膜的黄斑进行分析，为吸烟作为干性年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的风险因素提供临床依据并解释其机制。
本横断面研究纳入了 49 名正常对照组非吸烟者、12 名正常对照组吸烟者、38 名干性 AMD 非吸烟者和 35 名干性 AMD 吸烟者。使用 OCTA 比较了黄斑中心凹无血管区（FAZ）、FAZ 周围 300μm 区域的黄斑中心凹密度（FD）、浅层（SCP）和深层（DCP）毛细血管丛的血管密度以及中心凹视网膜厚度（FRT）。采用双变量相关分析评估吸烟包年数对视网膜相关指标的影响。
正常对照组非吸烟者的 SCP 全层、黄斑和旁中心凹以及 DCP 全层和旁中心凹的血管密度均明显高于干性 AMD 非吸烟者（均 P<0.05），而正常吸烟组的 SCP 全层血管密度高于干性 AMD 吸烟组（P=0.04）。正常对照组非吸烟者的内层和全层 FRT 厚度值明显大于干性 AMD 非吸烟者（均 P<0.01）。吸烟包年数与 DCP 旁中心凹血管密度呈负相关（r=-0.224，P<0.01）。
FD、SCP、DCP 和 FRT 是检测早期和中期干性 AMD 的敏感指标。DCP 是反映吸烟对视网膜影响的敏感指标。观察到视网膜血管发生了明显变化，提示干性 AMD 可能会对视网膜组织产生一定程度的影响。
