Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea.
Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea.
Biomed Res Int. 2022 Jul 14;2022:2717196. doi: 10.1155/2022/2717196. eCollection 2022.
Lichens are a life form in which algae and fungi have a symbiotic relationship and have various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities. This is the first study to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of a sp. fungal extract (PSE) isolated from in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage. PSE reduced the production of the proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1), chemokine (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), nitric oxide, and prostaglandin E2 in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Especially, PSE inhibits the phosphorylation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling (c-Fos and c-Jun) and their upstream mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MKK/MAPKs: MKK4, MKK7, and JNK) and finally reduced the production of the inflammatory cytokines. The inhibitory effects mainly act via suppressing JNK-mediated AP-1 rather than the NF-B pathway. Furthermore, PSE inhibited the production of final inflammatory effector molecules involved in AP-1 signaling, including nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Here, we report that PSE has the potential to be developed as an anti-inflammatory agent.
地衣是一种藻类和真菌共生的生命形式，具有多种生物活性，包括抗炎和抗增殖活性。这是首次研究从 中分离得到的 真菌提取物（PSE）在脂多糖（LPS）刺激的 RAW 264.7 巨噬细胞中的抗炎活性。PSE 降低了 LPS 刺激的 RAW264.7 巨噬细胞中促炎细胞因子（肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6 和白细胞介素-1）、趋化因子（粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子）、一氧化氮和前列腺素 E2 的产生。特别是，PSE 抑制了激活蛋白-1（AP-1）信号通路（c-Fos 和 c-Jun）及其上游丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MKK/MAPKs：MKK4、MKK7 和 JNK）的磷酸化，最终减少了炎症细胞因子的产生。抑制作用主要通过抑制 JNK 介导的 AP-1 而不是 NF-κB 途径起作用。此外，PSE 抑制了参与 AP-1 信号通路的最终炎症效应分子的产生，包括一氧化氮（NO）和前列腺素 E2（PGE2）。在这里，我们报告 PSE 有可能被开发为一种抗炎剂。
