Barzeva Stefania A, Richards Jennifer S, Veenstra René, Meeus Wim H J, Oldehinkel Albertine J
Department of Psychiatry University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation Groningen The Netherlands.
Department of Sociology Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.
Soc Dev. 2022 Feb;31(1):126-146. doi: 10.1111/sode.12530. Epub 2021 Jul 14.
The aim of this study was to test a longitudinal, transactional model that describes how social withdrawal and friendship development are interrelated in late adolescence, and to investigate if post-secondary transitions are catalysts of change for highly withdrawn adolescents' friendships. Unilateral friendship data of 1,019 adolescents (61.3% female, 91% Dutch-origin) from the Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS) cohort were collected five times from ages 17 to 18 years. Social withdrawal was assessed at 16 and 19 years. The transactional model was tested within a Structural Equation Modeling framework, with intercepts and slopes of friendship quantity, quality, and stability as mediators and residential transitions, education transitions, and sex as moderators. The results confirmed the presence of a transactional relation between withdrawal and friendship quality. Whereas higher age 16 withdrawal predicted having fewer, lower-quality, and less-stable friendships, only having lower-quality friendships, in turn, predicted higher age 19 withdrawal, especially in girls. Residential transitions were catalysts of change for highly withdrawn youth's number of friends: higher withdrawal predicted a moderate increase in number of friends for adolescents who relocated, and no change for those who made an educational transition or did not transition. Taken together, these results indicate that the quality of friendships-over and above number of friends and the stability of those friendships-is particularly important for entrenching or diminishing withdrawal in late adolescence, and that relocating provides an opportunity for withdrawn late adolescents to expand their friendship networks.
本研究的目的是检验一个纵向的、相互作用模型，该模型描述了在青春期后期社交退缩与友谊发展是如何相互关联的，并调查高等教育过渡是否是高度退缩青少年友谊变化的催化剂。从追踪青少年个体生活调查（TRAILS）队列中选取了1019名青少年（61.3%为女性，91%为荷兰裔）的单边友谊数据，在他们17至18岁期间进行了五次收集。在16岁和19岁时评估社交退缩情况。在结构方程建模框架内对相互作用模型进行了检验，以友谊数量、质量和稳定性的截距和斜率作为中介变量，以居住过渡、教育过渡和性别作为调节变量。结果证实了退缩与友谊质量之间存在相互作用关系。16岁时较高的退缩水平预示着友谊数量更少、质量更低且稳定性更差，而反过来，只有友谊质量较低预示着19岁时更高的退缩水平，尤其是在女孩中。居住过渡是高度退缩青少年朋友数量变化的催化剂：较高的退缩水平预示着搬迁青少年的朋友数量适度增加，而对于经历教育过渡或未过渡的青少年则没有变化。综上所述，这些结果表明，友谊的质量——除了朋友数量和这些友谊的稳定性之外——对于在青春期后期巩固或减少退缩尤为重要，并且搬迁为退缩的青少年后期提供了扩大其友谊网络的机会。
