Hardy Steven J, Forman Sydney, Hardy Kristina K, Schatz Jeffrey
Divisions of Hematology and Oncology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.
Front Neurol. 2022 Jul 7;13:867437. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.867437. eCollection 2022.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) imparts risk for a range of neurodevelopmental and neurocognitive disorders. Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is a distinct syndrome that often co-occurs with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but has not been described in SCD. We investigated the reliability and validity of a SCT measure in SCD and examined associations with biopsychosocial risk factors and functional outcomes.
Caregivers ( = 85) of children with SCD ages 7-16 reported on socio-demographics and the Kiddie-Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (K-SCT) measure, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, and Conners 3. Disease-related characteristics were extracted from health records.
The K-SCT demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = 0.92) and test-retest reliability ( = 0.82, < 0.001). K-SCT scores were correlated with ADHD-Inattention ( = 0.64, < 0.001) and ADHD-Hyperactive/Impulsive ( = 0.46, < 0.001) scores, as well as functional outcomes, including learning problems ( = 0.69, < 0.001). In multivariate analyses controlling for ADHD symptoms, SCT accounted for unique variance in learning ( = 9.67, < 0.01) and executive functioning ( = 5.93, < 0.01). Nearly all participants (93%) with elevated levels of co-occurring SCT and ADHD-Inattention symptoms had significant learning problems.
The K-SCT is a reliable and valid measure of SCT in SCD. SCT symptoms are associated with learning difficulties even after controlling for ADHD symptoms. Further research is needed to understand the biopsychosocial factors that lead to SCT symptoms in SCD and examine long-term implications of SCT.
镰状细胞病（SCD）会增加一系列神经发育和神经认知障碍的风险。认知节奏迟缓（SCT）是一种独特的综合征，常与注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）同时出现，但在SCD中尚未有相关描述。我们调查了SCT测量方法在SCD中的可靠性和有效性，并研究了其与生物心理社会风险因素及功能结局的关联。
85名7至16岁SCD患儿的照顾者报告了社会人口统计学信息、儿童认知节奏迟缓量表（K-SCT）、执行功能行为评定量表和康纳斯量表3。从健康记录中提取疾病相关特征。
K-SCT显示出出色的内部一致性（α = 0.92）和重测信度（ = 0.82， < 0.001）。K-SCT得分与ADHD注意力不集中（ = 0.64， < 0.001）和ADHD多动/冲动（ = 0.46， < 0.001）得分以及功能结局相关，包括学习问题（ = 0.69， < 0.001）。在控制ADHD症状的多变量分析中，SCT在学习（ = 9.67， < 0.01）和执行功能（ = 5.93， < 0.01）方面解释了独特的方差。几乎所有同时出现SCT和ADHD注意力不集中症状且水平升高的参与者（93%）都有显著的学习问题。
K-SCT是SCD中SCT的可靠且有效的测量方法。即使在控制ADHD症状后，SCT症状仍与学习困难相关。需要进一步研究以了解导致SCD中SCT症状的生物心理社会因素，并研究SCT的长期影响。
