Pechriggl Elisabeth, Blumer Michael, Tubbs R Shane, Olewnik Łukasz, Konschake Marko, Fortélny René, Stofferin Hannes, Honis Hanne Rose, Quinones Sara, Maranillo Eva, Sanudo José
Institute of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria.
Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.
Front Surg. 2022 Jul 7;9:891896. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.891896. eCollection 2022.
In humans, the incidence of congenital defects of the intraembryonic celom and its associated structures has increased over recent decades. Surgical treatment of abdominal and diaphragmatic malformations resulting in congenital hernia requires deep knowledge of ventral body closure and the separation of the primary body cavities during embryogenesis. The correct development of both structures requires the coordinated and fine-tuned synergy of different anlagen, including a set of molecules governing those processes. They have mainly been investigated in a range of vertebrate species (e.g., mouse, birds, and fish), but studies of embryogenesis in humans are rather rare because samples are seldom available. Therefore, we have to deal with a large body of conflicting data concerning the formation of the abdominal wall and the etiology of diaphragmatic defects. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge and focuses on the histological and molecular events leading to the establishment of the abdominal and thoracic cavities in several vertebrate species. In chronological order, we start with the onset of gastrulation, continue with the establishment of the three-dimensional body shape, and end with the partition of body cavities. We also discuss well-known human etiologies.
在人类中，近几十年来胚胎内体腔及其相关结构的先天性缺陷发生率有所上升。对导致先天性疝的腹部和膈肌畸形进行手术治疗，需要深入了解胚胎发育过程中腹侧身体闭合以及原始体腔分离的情况。这两种结构的正确发育需要不同原基的协调和精细协同作用，包括一组调控这些过程的分子。它们主要在一系列脊椎动物物种（如小鼠、鸟类和鱼类）中进行了研究，但由于人类胚胎样本很少可得，对人类胚胎发育的研究相当罕见。因此，我们不得不面对大量关于腹壁形成和膈肌缺陷病因的相互矛盾的数据。本综述总结了当前的知识状况，并重点关注几种脊椎动物物种中导致腹腔和胸腔形成的组织学和分子事件。按照时间顺序，我们从原肠胚形成开始，接着是三维身体形状的建立，最后是体腔的分隔。我们还讨论了已知的人类病因。
