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美国临床法医心理学家的收入、人口统计学特征及生活经历

Income, Demographics, and Life Experiences of Clinical-Forensic Psychologists in the United States.

作者信息

Neal Tess M S, Line Emily N

机构信息

New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States.

School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

出版信息

Front Psychol. 2022 Jul 7;13:910672. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.910672. eCollection 2022.

Abstract

We provide aggregate data about income, demographics, and life experiences of women and men practicing clinical-forensic psychology primarily in the United States ( = 376). We examine how these variables relate to one another, as well as how gender demographics of the field have changed over time. The average hourly rate charged by psychologists for forensic work, aggregated across all types of referral questions, regions, and employment settings is $280.23 (US Dollars; SD = $108.12; median and mode = $250). Total median annual income is = $125,000 - $149,999 and mode is = $100,000 - $124,999. Men's annual income (median = $175,000 - $199,000) is significantly higher than women's (median = $100,000 - $124,999) even while controlling for years of experience and number of hours worked per week. Women forensic psychologists earn $0.83 for every $1.00 men make. Having a Ph.D. is disproportionately associated with men and PsyD with women; however, the difference is not significant once controlling for years of experience. Employment type related to pay, such that people in private practice make significantly more than those who work in institutions (e.g., prisons, hospitals) or universities. Year of highest degree associated with employment type, such that people in practice longer are more likely to be in private practice. Although we expected caretaking responsibilities and children would relate to gender and pay, no differences emerged in this sample. Women are more likely than men to have completed a formal postdoctoral fellowship in forensic psychology, even when controlling for year of highest degree. Regarding the gender composition of the field over time, we calculated the Index of Dissimilarity for each five year increment spanning 1965-2019. Before the late 1990s, proportionally more men entered the field; after the late 1990s, proportionally more women entered. We discuss the promising and less promising implications of these findings for gender equity and work-life management in forensic psychology, as well as how professionals in the field and students might make use of these data.

摘要

我们提供了主要在美国从事临床法医心理学工作的男性和女性的收入、人口统计学和生活经历的汇总数据((n = 376))。我们研究了这些变量之间的相互关系,以及该领域的性别人口统计学特征随时间的变化情况。心理学家从事法医工作的平均小时收费,综合所有类型的转诊问题、地区和就业环境来看,为280.23美元(美元;标准差 = 108.12美元;中位数和众数 = 250美元)。年度总收入中位数为125,000 - 149,999美元,众数为100,000 - 124,999美元。即使在控制了工作经验年限和每周工作小时数之后,男性的年收入(中位数 = 175,000 - 199,000美元)仍显著高于女性(中位数 = 100,000 - 124,999美元)。女性法医心理学家每挣1美元,男性挣1.2美元。拥有博士学位与男性的关联不成比例,而心理学博士学位与女性的关联不成比例;然而,在控制工作经验年限后,这种差异并不显著。就业类型与薪酬相关,私人执业者的收入明显高于在机构(如监狱、医院)或大学工作的人。最高学位年份与就业类型相关,从业时间较长的人更有可能从事私人执业。尽管我们预计照顾责任和子女情况会与性别和薪酬有关,但在这个样本中并未出现差异。即使在控制了最高学位年份之后,女性比男性更有可能完成法医心理学的正式博士后奖学金项目。关于该领域随时间的性别构成,我们计算了1965 - 2019年期间每五年增量的差异指数。在20世纪90年代末之前,进入该领域的男性比例相对较高;在20世纪90年代末之后,进入该领域的女性比例相对较高。我们讨论了这些发现对法医心理学中性别平等和工作 - 生活管理的有前景和不太有前景的影响,以及该领域的专业人员和学生如何利用这些数据。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bc8d/9302360/0ba1d1840f10/fpsyg-13-910672-g001.jpg

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