Li Chang, Ge Shanwei, Wang Ruiying
School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.
Front Psychol. 2022 Jul 7;13:743933. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.743933. eCollection 2022.
Previous studies have reported religious and non-religious people as having different psychological experiences when visiting sacred landscapes; however, the visual consensus and differences between diverse groups visiting them have rarely been considered. This study used subjective preference evaluation and experimental eye tracking to assess the visual preferences of different groups regarding sacred landscapes. Overall, 48 photos of the Han Chinese Buddhist temples were selected as stimulus materials, including the categories of squares, architecture, waterscapes, and plants. In all, 90 participants were classified into two groups of outsiders and insiders to view the photos. The consensus and differences in their visual preferences and eye movement metrics were evaluated. The results showed that the two groups were more inclined toward the visual preference of religious architectures than the natural landscape that people usually prefer. Another noteworthy discovery revealed the significant differences between the outsiders and the insiders in viewing and evaluating sacred landscapes; the immersion effect explains this result. Specifically, the group with a higher interaction with the environment had greater visual experiences, easier visual information coding, and larger visual exploration range. In addition, this study revealed familiarity with the religious background facilitated achieving a higher consistency between the landscape preference scores and the eye movement metrics. These findings expand the theory of religious environment perception and provided important insights for subsequent research on sacred landscape planning and management.
以往的研究报告称，宗教人士和非宗教人士在参观宗教圣地时会有不同的心理体验；然而，不同群体在参观这些圣地时的视觉共识和差异却很少被考虑。本研究采用主观偏好评价和实验性眼动追踪来评估不同群体对宗教圣地的视觉偏好。总体而言，选取了48张汉族佛教寺庙的照片作为刺激材料，包括广场、建筑、水景和植物等类别。总共90名参与者被分为外来者和内部人员两组来观看照片。评估了他们在视觉偏好和眼动指标上的共识和差异。结果表明，与人们通常更喜欢的自然景观相比，两组都更倾向于宗教建筑的视觉偏好。另一个值得注意的发现揭示了外来者和内部人员在观看和评价宗教圣地方面存在显著差异；沉浸效应解释了这一结果。具体而言，与环境互动较多的群体有更丰富的视觉体验、更容易的视觉信息编码以及更大的视觉探索范围。此外，本研究表明，熟悉宗教背景有助于在景观偏好得分和眼动指标之间实现更高的一致性。这些发现扩展了宗教环境感知理论，并为后续宗教圣地规划与管理研究提供了重要见解。
