Šikl Radovan, Svatoňová Hana, Děchtěrenko Filip, Urbánek Tomáš
Institute of Psychology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Geography, Faculty of Education, Masaryk University, Poříčí 623/7, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2019 Jun;197:23-31. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.04.019. Epub 2019 May 9.
Aerial photographs depict objects from an overhead position, which gives them several unusual visual characteristics that are challenging for viewers to perceive and memorize. However, even for untrained viewers, aerial photographs are still meaningful and rich with contextual information. Such visual stimulus properties are considered appropriate and important when testing for expertise effects in visual recognition memory. The current experiment investigated memory recognition in expert image analysts and untrained viewers using two types of aerial photographs. The experts were better than untrained viewers at recognizing both vertical aerial photographs, which is the domain of their expertise, and oblique aerial photographs. Thus, one notable finding is that the superior memory performance of experts is not limited to a domain of expertise but extends to a broader category of large-scale landscape scenes. Furthermore, the experts' recognition accuracy remained relatively stable throughout the experimental conditions, illustrating the ability to use semantic information over strictly visual information in memory processes.
航空照片从上方拍摄物体，这赋予了它们一些不同寻常的视觉特征，这些特征对于观看者来说很难感知和记忆。然而，即使对于未经训练的观看者而言，航空照片仍然具有意义且包含丰富的背景信息。在测试视觉识别记忆中的专业技能效应时，这样的视觉刺激特性被认为是恰当且重要的。当前的实验使用两种类型的航空照片，研究了专业图像分析师和未经训练的观看者的记忆识别情况。在识别垂直航空照片（这是他们的专业领域）和倾斜航空照片方面，专家比未经训练的观看者表现更好。因此，一个显著的发现是，专家卓越的记忆表现并不局限于专业领域，而是扩展到更广泛的大规模风景场景类别。此外，在整个实验条件下，专家的识别准确率保持相对稳定，这表明他们在记忆过程中能够使用语义信息而非仅仅依靠视觉信息。
