Järvinen Kirsi M, Davis Erin C, Bevec Erin, Jackson Courtney M, Pizzarello Catherine, Catlin Elizabeth, Klein Miranda, Sunkara Akhila, Diaz Nichole, Miller James, Martina Camille A, Thakar Juilee, Seppo Antti E, Looney R John
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States.
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States.
Front Pediatr. 2022 Jul 6;10:916184. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.916184. eCollection 2022.
Traditional farming lifestyle has been shown to be protective against asthma and allergic diseases. The individual factors that appear to be associated with this "farm-life effect" include consumption of unpasteurized farm milk and exposure to farm animals and stables. However, the biomarkers of the protective immunity and those associated with early development of allergic diseases in infancy remain unclear. The "Zooming in to Old Order Mennonites (ZOOM)" study was designed to assess the differences in the lifestyle and the development of the microbiome, systemic and mucosal immunity between infants born to traditional farming lifestyle at low risk for allergic diseases and those born to urban/suburban atopic families with a high risk for allergic diseases in order to identify biomarkers of development of allergic diseases in infancy. 190 mothers and their infants born to Old Order Mennonite population protected from or in Rochester families at high risk for allergic diseases were recruited before birth from the Finger Lakes Region of New York State. Questionnaires and samples are collected from mothers during pregnancy and after delivery and from infants at birth and at 1-2 weeks, 6 weeks, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, with 3-, 4-, and 5-year follow-up ongoing. Samples collected include maternal blood, stool, saliva, nasal and skin swabs and urine during pregnancy; breast milk postnatally; infant blood, stool, saliva, nasal and skin swabs. Signs and symptoms of allergic diseases are assessed at every visit and serum specific IgE is measured at 1 and 2 years of age. Allergic diseases are diagnosed by clinical history, exam, and sensitization by skin prick test and/or serum specific IgE. By the end of the first year of life, the prevalence of food allergy and atopic dermatitis were higher in ROC infants compared to the rates observed in OOM infants as was the number of infants sensitized to foods. These studies of immune system development in a population protected from and in those at risk for allergic diseases will provide critical new knowledge about the development of the mucosal and systemic immunity and lay the groundwork for future studies of prevention of allergic diseases.
传统农耕生活方式已被证明对哮喘和过敏性疾病具有防护作用。与这种“农场生活效应”相关的个体因素包括饮用未经巴氏杀菌的农场牛奶以及接触农场动物和畜舍。然而，保护性免疫的生物标志物以及与婴儿期过敏性疾病早期发展相关的生物标志物仍不明确。“聚焦旧秩序门诺派（ZOOM）”研究旨在评估出生于低过敏性疾病风险的传统农耕生活方式家庭的婴儿与出生于高过敏性疾病风险的城市/郊区特应性家庭的婴儿在生活方式、微生物群、全身和黏膜免疫发育方面的差异，以便确定婴儿期过敏性疾病发展的生物标志物。从纽约州手指湖地区在出生前招募了190名母亲及其婴儿，这些母亲及其婴儿出生于免受过敏性疾病影响的旧秩序门诺派人群或罗切斯特市高过敏性疾病风险家庭。在孕期和产后从母亲处以及在出生时、1 - 2周、6周、6个月、12个月、18个月和24个月时从婴儿处收集问卷和样本，并进行3年、4年和5年的随访。收集的样本包括孕期母亲的血液、粪便、唾液、鼻拭子、皮肤拭子和尿液；产后母乳；婴儿的血液、粪便、唾液、鼻拭子和皮肤拭子。每次就诊时评估过敏性疾病的体征和症状，并在1岁和2岁时测量血清特异性IgE。通过临床病史、检查以及皮肤点刺试验和/或血清特异性IgE检测致敏情况来诊断过敏性疾病。到一岁末，罗切斯特市婴儿的食物过敏和特应性皮炎患病率高于旧秩序门诺派婴儿，对食物致敏的婴儿数量也是如此。这些对免受过敏性疾病影响人群和有过敏性疾病风险人群免疫系统发育的研究将为黏膜和全身免疫发育提供重要的新知识，并为未来过敏性疾病预防研究奠定基础。
