Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jul 7;13:923598. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.923598. eCollection 2022.
As nano-sized materials prepared by isolating, disrupting and extruding cell membranes, cellular vesicles are emerging as a novel vehicle for immunotherapeutic drugs to activate antitumor immunity. Cell membrane-derived vesicles inherit the surface characteristics and functional properties of parental cells, thus having superior biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and long circulation. Moreover, the potent antitumor effect of cellular vesicles can be achieved through surface modification, genetic engineering, hybridization, drug encapsulation, and exogenous stimulation. The capacity of cellular vesicles to combine drugs of different compositions and functions in physical space provides a promising vehicle for combinational immunotherapy of cancer. In this review, the latest advances in cellular vesicles as vehicles for combinational cancer immunotherapy are systematically summarized with focuses on manufacturing processes, cell sources, therapeutic strategies and applications, providing an insight into the potential and existing challenges of using cellular vesicles for cancer immunotherapy.
细胞外囊泡作为通过分离、破坏和挤压细胞膜制备的纳米级材料，正在成为免疫治疗药物激活抗肿瘤免疫的新型载体。细胞膜衍生的囊泡继承了亲本细胞的表面特征和功能特性，因此具有优异的生物相容性、低免疫原性和长循环。此外，通过表面修饰、基因工程、杂交、药物包封和外源刺激，可以实现细胞外囊泡的强大抗肿瘤作用。细胞外囊泡能够在物理空间中将不同成分和功能的药物结合在一起，为癌症联合免疫治疗提供了一种很有前途的载体。在这篇综述中，系统地总结了细胞外囊泡作为联合癌症免疫治疗载体的最新进展，重点介绍了制造工艺、细胞来源、治疗策略和应用，深入了解了使用细胞外囊泡进行癌症免疫治疗的潜力和存在的挑战。
