Public Health Emergency Management (PHEM) Center, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P. O. Box: 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box: 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
J Environ Public Health. 2022 Jul 13;2022:4671719. doi: 10.1155/2022/4671719. eCollection 2022.
Cholera is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. This study aimed to generate evidence to better understand the epidemiology of cholera as well as chronicle the city administration's emergency management efforts during the Addis Ababa cholera outbreak in 2016.
A descriptive analysis was performed using the cholera outbreak data collected from June 8 to October 31, 2016. A case was defined as a patient aged 5 years or older who develops acute watery diarrhea with or without vomiting. Administrative and laboratory finding reports were also used, as well as documented situational updates.
A total of 8,083 cases (AR of 0.24 percent) with 15 deaths (CFR of 0.18 percent) were reported. Males in unskilled manual occupations and housewives accounted for 2,198 (27.2%) and 1,195 (14.8%), respectively, of the total. A total of 6,908 cases (85.46 percent) sought medical attention within two days of the onset of the condition. The presence of the as well as the relatively confined living conditions of the residents aided in the emergence and rapid spread of the disease. The increased in-and-out movement of people, combined with the city administration's deficient development infrastructure of water, hygiene, and sanitation, contributes to higher morbidity and a longer duration of the outbreak. Multiple command posts established in various locations as well as a lack of collaboration among relevant stakeholders resulted in inefficient information and resource management. Furthermore, there is a lack of risk factor surveillance for the early detection of cholera-causing agents. . This outbreak caused significant morbidity and mortality. Prioritizing early risk detection, implementing preventive measures, and developing positive working relationships with relevant parties are all critical. A well-established community-based surveillance system and incident management system (IMS) will be required for future emergency management. It is recommended that the city administration make critical adjustments to its developmental infrastructures related to water, sanitation, and hygiene and implement risk factor surveillance from sewerage lines for the early detection of agents that cause cholera.
霍乱是埃塞俄比亚的一个主要公共卫生问题。本研究旨在提供证据，以更好地了解霍乱的流行病学，并记录 2016 年亚的斯亚贝巴霍乱疫情期间城市行政当局的应急管理工作。
使用 2016 年 6 月 8 日至 10 月 31 日收集的霍乱疫情数据进行描述性分析。将病例定义为年龄在 5 岁及以上、出现急性水样腹泻伴或不伴呕吐的患者。还使用了行政和实验室调查结果报告以及记录的情况更新。
报告了 8083 例病例（发病率为 0.24%），其中 15 例死亡（病死率为 0.18%）。无技能体力劳动者和家庭主妇分别占总病例数的 2198 例（27.2%）和 1195 例（14.8%）。发病后两天内，共有 6908 例（85.46%）寻求医疗救助。存在贫民窟以及居民相对拥挤的居住条件有助于疾病的出现和迅速传播。人员的大量进出流动，再加上城市行政当局在供水、卫生和环境卫生方面发展不足的基础设施，导致发病率更高，疫情持续时间更长。由于多个指挥所设在不同地点，以及相关利益攸关方之间缺乏合作，导致信息和资源管理效率低下。此外，缺乏对霍乱病原体的风险因素监测，以早期发现霍乱。本疫情导致了较高的发病率和死亡率。优先进行早期风险检测、实施预防措施以及与相关方建立积极的工作关系至关重要。未来的应急管理需要建立完善的基于社区的监测系统和事件管理系统（IMS）。建议城市行政当局对与水、卫生和环境卫生相关的发展基础设施进行重大调整，并从污水管道实施风险因素监测，以早期发现引起霍乱的病原体。
