Beretta Giangiacomo, Shala Aida Loshaj
Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hasan Prishtina, Pristina, Kosovo.
Ann Neurosci. 2022 Jan;29(1):71-82. doi: 10.1177/09727531211070528. Epub 2022 Jan 31.
Human neurodegenerative diseases occur as a result of various factors. Regardless of the variety in the etiology of development, many of these diseases are characterized by the accumulation of pathological, misfolded proteins; hence, such diseases are considered as proteinopathies. While plenty of research study has been conducted in order to identify the pathophysiology of these proteinopathies, there is still a lack of understanding in terms of potential therapeutic targets.
Molecular chaperones present the main workforce for cellular protection and stress response. Therefore, considering these functions, molecular chaperones present a promising target for research within the field of conformational diseases that arise from proteinopathies. Since the association between neurodegenerative disorders and their long-term consequences is well documented, the need for the development of new therapeutic strategies becomes even more critical.
In this review, we summarized the molecular function of heat shock proteins and recent progress on their role, involvement, and other mechanisms related to neurodegeneration caused by different etiological factors. Based on the relevant scientific data, we will highlight the functional classification of heat shock proteins, regulation, and their therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative disorders.
人类神经退行性疾病由多种因素引发。尽管这些疾病的发病原因各不相同，但其中许多疾病的特征是病理性错误折叠蛋白的积累；因此，这类疾病被视为蛋白病。虽然为了确定这些蛋白病的病理生理学已经开展了大量研究，但在潜在治疗靶点方面仍缺乏了解。
分子伴侣是细胞保护和应激反应的主要力量。因此，考虑到这些功能，分子伴侣是蛋白病引发的构象疾病领域中一个有前景的研究靶点。由于神经退行性疾病及其长期后果之间的关联已有充分记录，开发新治疗策略的需求变得更加迫切。
在本综述中，我们总结了热休克蛋白的分子功能以及它们在由不同病因引起的神经退行性变中的作用、参与情况和其他相关机制的最新进展。基于相关科学数据，我们将重点介绍热休克蛋白的功能分类、调控及其对神经退行性疾病的治疗潜力。
