Silveira Stephanie L, Richardson Emma V, Motl Robert W
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA (SLS, EVR, RWM).
Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, USA (SLS).
Int J MS Care. 2022 Jul-Aug;24(4):175-183. doi: 10.7224/1537-2073.2021-052. Epub 2021 Oct 28.
There are approximately 1 million adults in the United States with multiple sclerosis (MS). Persons with MS are interested in diet as a second-line therapy for improving MS symptoms and disease progression. Examination of desired resources regarding diet among persons with MS is necessary for supporting behavior change.
Twenty-five adults with MS completed 1-on-1, online semistructured interviews. An inductive, 6-phase, semantic thematic analysis was applied to identify themes associated with participant preferences for dietary behavior change.
The research team crafted 4 key themes from the data that encompassed participants' desired resources for dietary behavior change. Theme 1, MS-specific evidence, involved the need for clear information about the impact of diet regimens or specific foods on MS. Theme 2, dietary guidelines, was related to guidelines provided by a reliable source such as a registered dietitian. Theme 3, behavioral supports, underscored the need for support for behavior change, including accountability, self-monitoring, motivation, habituation, and incremental changes. Theme 4, diet resources, highlighted tangible resources for supporting dietary change, including recipes, food lists, meal services, or games.
This study provides a foundation for guiding dietary interventions for persons with MS that incorporates their needs and preferences and could improve their overall health. Such dietary change can be facilitated by theory-based behavioral interventions that incorporate behavior change techniques such as self-monitoring and goal setting for supporting behavior change.
美国约有100万成年人患有多发性硬化症（MS）。MS患者对饮食作为改善MS症状和疾病进展的二线疗法感兴趣。了解MS患者在饮食方面所需的资源对于支持行为改变很有必要。
25名成年MS患者完成了一对一的在线半结构化访谈。采用归纳式的六阶段语义主题分析来确定与参与者饮食行为改变偏好相关的主题。
研究团队从数据中提炼出4个关键主题，涵盖了参与者饮食行为改变所需的资源。主题1，MS特异性证据，涉及需要明确了解饮食方案或特定食物对MS的影响的信息。主题2，饮食指南，与可靠来源（如注册营养师）提供的指南有关。主题3，行为支持，强调了行为改变所需的支持，包括问责制、自我监测、动机、习惯养成和渐进式改变。主题4，饮食资源，突出了支持饮食改变的具体资源，包括食谱、食物清单、餐饮服务或游戏。
本研究为指导MS患者的饮食干预提供了基础，该干预纳入了他们的需求和偏好，可能会改善他们的整体健康。基于理论的行为干预可以促进这种饮食改变，这些干预纳入了自我监测和目标设定等行为改变技巧以支持行为改变。
