Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182-6040, USA.
PSL Paris University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013 Papetoai, 98729, Moorea, French Polynesia.
Ambio. 2022 Dec;51(12):2342-2357. doi: 10.1007/s13280-022-01763-7. Epub 2022 Jul 25.
This paper presents an ethnographic case study of the design and revision of a decentralized marine management scheme implemented on the island of Moorea, French Polynesia named Plan de Gestion de l'Espace Maritime (PGEM). Drawing on an analysis of over 50 consultative workshops and meetings, held from 2018 to 2021 during the PGEM revision, we document the materials, discourses, and practices local stakeholders (e.g., fishers, cultural and environmental activists, government staff, and scientists) combine to build their interpretations of PGEM success or failure. We examine the diversity of domains these interpretations draw from (ecology, marine livelihoods, culture, religion, and politics) and how they are put into practice in people's engagement with-or resistance to-the local marine management and governance design. Our results highlight how the controversies around the revision of Moorea's PGEM overflowed the boundaries of ecology as construed by scientific experts. Stakeholders interpreted "marine resource management" as something well beyond just "marine resources" to include politics, identity, Polynesian cosmology, and livelihoods. Our findings provide generalizable patterns for understanding how natural-resource management policies are received and repurposed by local actors.
本文通过对法属波利尼西亚莫雷阿岛实施的名为“海洋空间管理计划”（PGEM）的分散式海洋管理计划的设计和修订进行民族志案例研究。该计划从 2018 年至 2021 年进行了修订，我们分析了在此期间举行的 50 多次协商研讨会和会议，记录了当地利益相关者（如渔民、文化和环境活动家、政府工作人员和科学家）结合使用的材料、论述和实践，以构建他们对 PGEM 成功或失败的解释。我们研究了这些解释所涉及的不同领域（生态学、海洋生计、文化、宗教和政治），以及它们如何在人们参与或抵制当地海洋管理和治理设计的实践中发挥作用。我们的研究结果表明，围绕莫雷阿岛 PGEM 修订的争议如何超越了科学专家所构建的生态学边界。利益相关者将“海洋资源管理”解释为不仅仅是“海洋资源”，还包括政治、身份、波利尼西亚宇宙论和生计。我们的发现为理解自然资源管理政策如何被当地行为者接受和重新利用提供了普遍适用的模式。
