Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2022 Sep;42(9):467-481. doi: 10.1089/jir.2022.0117. Epub 2022 Jul 25.
Inflammation is a natural immune defense mechanism of the body's response to injury, infection, and other damaging triggers. Uncontrolled inflammation may become chronic and contribute to a range of chronic inflammatory diseases. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) is an essential transcription factor exclusive to type I and type III interferon (IFN) signaling pathways. Both pathways are involved in multiple biological processes, including powering the immune system as a means of controlling infection that must be tightly regulated to offset the development of persistent inflammation. While studies depict STAT2 as protective in promoting host defense, new evidence is accumulating that exposes the deleterious side of STAT2 when inappropriately regulated, thus prompting its reevaluation as a signaling molecule with detrimental effects in human disease. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the findings based on literature regarding the inflammatory behavior of STAT2 in microbial infections, cancer, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases. In conveying the extent of our knowledge of STAT2 as a proinflammatory mediator, the aim of this review is to stimulate further investigations into the role of STAT2 in diseases characterized by deregulated inflammation and the mechanisms responsible for triggering severe responses.
炎症是身体对损伤、感染和其他有害触发因素的自然免疫防御机制。不受控制的炎症可能会变成慢性炎症，并导致一系列慢性炎症性疾病。信号转导和转录激活因子 2（STAT2）是一种至关重要的转录因子，仅存在于 I 型和 III 型干扰素（IFN）信号通路中。这两种途径都参与了多种生物学过程，包括为免疫系统提供动力，以控制感染，而这种感染必须受到严格控制，以抵消持续炎症的发展。虽然研究表明 STAT2 在促进宿主防御方面具有保护作用，但新的证据表明，当 STAT2 被不适当地调节时，它会产生有害的一面，从而促使人们重新评估它作为一种信号分子，在人类疾病中具有有害影响。本综述旨在基于有关 STAT2 在微生物感染、癌症、自身免疫和炎症性疾病中的炎症行为的文献，提供全面的总结。在传达我们对 STAT2 作为促炎介质的了解程度时，本综述的目的是激发对 STAT2 在以炎症失调为特征的疾病中的作用以及引发严重反应的机制的进一步研究。
