Coutinho Tiago E, Souto Eliana B, Silva Amélia M
Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2022 Jun 29;9(7):290. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering9070290.
Melanoma is a complex type of cancer that depends on several metabolic factors, while the currently used therapies are not always effective and have unwanted side effects. In this review, the main factors involved in the etiology of cutaneous carcinoma are highlighted, together with the main genes and proteins that regulate cancer invasion and metastization. The role of five selected flavonoids, namely, apigenin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, kaempferol, naringenin, and silybin, in the modulating receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and Wnt pathways is reported with their relevance in the future design of drugs to mitigate and/or treat melanoma. However, as phenolic compounds have some difficulties in reaching the target site, the encapsulation of these compounds in nanoparticles is a promising strategy to promote improved physicochemical stabilization of the bioactives and achieve greater bioavailability. Scientific evidence is given about the beneficial effects of loading these flavonoids into selected nanoparticles for further exploitation in the treatment of melanoma.
黑色素瘤是一种复杂的癌症类型，它依赖于多种代谢因素，而目前使用的治疗方法并不总是有效，且会产生不良副作用。在本综述中，突出了皮肤癌病因中涉及的主要因素，以及调节癌症侵袭和转移的主要基因和蛋白质。报告了五种选定的黄酮类化合物，即芹菜素、表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯、山奈酚、柚皮素和水飞蓟宾，在调节受体酪氨酸激酶（RTK）和Wnt信号通路中的作用，以及它们在未来减轻和/或治疗黑色素瘤药物设计中的相关性。然而，由于酚类化合物在到达靶位点方面存在一些困难，将这些化合物封装在纳米颗粒中是一种有前景的策略，可促进生物活性物质更好的物理化学稳定性并实现更高的生物利用度。给出了关于将这些黄酮类化合物负载到选定纳米颗粒中的有益效果的科学证据，以便在黑色素瘤治疗中进一步开发利用。
