Sorg Heiko, Tilkorn Daniel J, Hauser Jörg, Ring Andrej
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Marien Hospital Witten, Marienplatz 2, 58452 Witten, Germany.
Department of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58455 Witten, Germany.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2022 Jul 4;9(7):298. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering9070298.
Artificial tissue substitutes are of great interest for the reconstruction of destroyed and non-functional skin or bone tissue due to its scarcity. Biomaterials used as scaffolds for tissue regeneration are non-vascularized synthetic tissues and often based on polymers, which need ingrowth of new blood vessels to ensure nutrition and metabolism. This review summarizes previous approaches and highlights advances in vascularization strategies after implantation of surface-modified biomaterials for skin and bone tissue regeneration. The efficient integration of biomaterial, bioactive coating with endogenous degradable matrix proteins, physiochemical modifications, or surface geometry changes represents promising approaches. The results show that the induction of angiogenesis in the implant site as well as the vascularization of biomaterials can be influenced by specific surface modifications. The neovascularization of a biomaterial can be supported by the application of pro-angiogenic substances as well as by biomimetic surface coatings and physical or chemical surface activations. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the geometric properties of the three-dimensional biomaterial matrix play a central role, as they guide or even enable the ingrowth of blood vessels into a biomaterial.
由于天然皮肤或骨组织稀缺，人工组织替代物在重建受损和无功能的皮肤或骨组织方面具有重大意义。用作组织再生支架的生物材料是无血管化的合成组织，通常基于聚合物，需要新血管长入以确保营养和新陈代谢。本综述总结了先前的方法，并强调了用于皮肤和骨组织再生的表面改性生物材料植入后血管化策略的进展。生物材料、具有内源性可降解基质蛋白的生物活性涂层、物理化学修饰或表面几何形状改变的有效整合代表了有前景的方法。结果表明，植入部位的血管生成以及生物材料的血管化可受特定表面修饰的影响。生物材料的新血管形成可通过应用促血管生成物质以及仿生表面涂层和物理或化学表面活化来支持。此外，已证实三维生物材料基质的几何特性起着核心作用，因为它们引导甚至促使血管长入生物材料。
