Horino Masato, Ikeda Kenji, Yamada Tetsuya
Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2022 Jul 11;44(7):3166-3179. doi: 10.3390/cimb44070219.
Mammalian adipose tissues are broadly divided into white adipose tissue (WAT) and thermogenic fat tissue (brown adipose tissue and beige adipose tissue). Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is the central protein in thermogenesis, and cells that exhibit induced UCP1 expression and appear scattered throughout WAT are called beige adipocytes, and their induction in WAT is referred to as "beiging". Beige adipocytes can differentiate from preadipocytes or convert from mature adipocytes. UCP1 was thought to contribute to non-shivering thermogenesis; however, recent studies demonstrated the presence of UCP1-independent thermogenic mechanisms. There is evidence that thermogenic fat tissue contributes to systemic energy expenditure even in human beings. This review discusses the roles that thermogenic fat tissue plays in energy consumption and offers insight into the possibility and challenges associated with its application in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
哺乳动物的脂肪组织大致可分为白色脂肪组织（WAT）和产热脂肪组织（棕色脂肪组织和米色脂肪组织）。解偶联蛋白1（UCP1）是产热过程中的核心蛋白，在白色脂肪组织中呈现诱导型UCP1表达且散在分布的细胞被称为米色脂肪细胞，其在白色脂肪组织中的诱导过程被称为“米色化”。米色脂肪细胞可由前脂肪细胞分化而来，也可由成熟脂肪细胞转变而来。UCP1曾被认为有助于非颤抖性产热；然而，最近的研究表明存在不依赖UCP1的产热机制。有证据表明，即使在人类中，产热脂肪组织也有助于全身能量消耗。本综述讨论了产热脂肪组织在能量消耗中所起的作用，并深入探讨了其在肥胖症和2型糖尿病治疗应用中的可能性及挑战。
