Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2021 Jun;22(6):393-409. doi: 10.1038/s41580-021-00350-0. Epub 2021 Mar 23.
Brown and beige adipocytes are mitochondria-enriched cells capable of dissipating energy in the form of heat. These thermogenic fat cells were originally considered to function solely in heat generation through the action of the mitochondrial protein uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). In recent years, significant advances have been made in our understanding of the ontogeny, bioenergetics and physiological functions of thermogenic fat. Distinct subtypes of thermogenic adipocytes have been identified with unique developmental origins, which have been increasingly dissected in cellular and molecular detail. Moreover, several UCP1-independent thermogenic mechanisms have been described, expanding the role of these cells in energy homeostasis. Recent studies have also delineated roles for these cells beyond the regulation of thermogenesis, including as dynamic secretory cells and as a metabolic sink. This Review presents our current understanding of thermogenic adipocytes with an emphasis on their development, biological functions and roles in systemic physiology.
棕色和米色脂肪细胞是富含线粒体的细胞，能够以热量的形式消耗能量。这些产热脂肪细胞最初被认为仅通过线粒体蛋白解偶联蛋白 1（UCP1）的作用来发挥产热功能。近年来，人们对产热脂肪的发生、生物能量学和生理功能的理解取得了重大进展。具有独特发育起源的不同产热脂肪细胞亚型已经被确定，并在细胞和分子水平上进行了越来越详细的剖析。此外，已经描述了几种 UCP1 非依赖性的产热机制，扩大了这些细胞在能量平衡中的作用。最近的研究还描述了这些细胞在调节产热以外的作用，包括作为动态分泌细胞和代谢汇。本综述介绍了我们目前对产热脂肪细胞的理解，重点介绍了它们的发育、生物学功能以及在全身生理学中的作用。
