Lopes Ana Rita, Martín-Hernández Raquel, Higes Mariano, Segura Sara Kafafi, Henriques Dora, Pinto Maria Alice
Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
Laboratorio de Patología Apícola, IRIAF-Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal, Centro de Investigación Apícola y Agroambiental (CIAPA), Consejería de Agricultura de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de San Martín, 19180 Marchamalo, Spain.
Vet Sci. 2022 Jun 25;9(7):320. doi: 10.3390/vetsci9070320.
Nosema ceranae is a highly prevalent pathogen of Apis mellifera, which is distributed worldwide. However, there may still exist isolated areas that remain free of N. ceranae. Herein, we used molecular tools to survey the Azores to detect N. ceranae and unravel its colonisation patterns. To that end, we sampled 474 colonies from eight islands in 2014/2015 and 91 from four islands in 2020. The findings revealed that N. ceranae was not only present but also the dominant species in the Azores. In 2014/2015, N. apis was rare and N. ceranae prevalence varied between 2.7% in São Jorge and 50.7% in Pico. In 2020, N. ceranae prevalence increased significantly (p < 0.001) in Terceira and São Jorge also showing higher infection levels. The spatiotemporal patterns suggest that N. ceranae colonised the archipelago recently, and it rapidly spread across other islands, where at least two independent introductions might have occurred. Flores and Santa Maria have escaped the N. ceranae invasion, and it is remarkable that Santa Maria is also free of Varroa destructor, which makes it one of the last places in Europe where the honey bee remains naive to these two major biotic stressors.
蜜蜂微孢子虫是西方蜜蜂的一种高度流行的病原体，在全球范围内均有分布。然而，可能仍存在未受蜜蜂微孢子虫侵染的孤立区域。在此，我们运用分子工具对亚速尔群岛进行调查，以检测蜜蜂微孢子虫并揭示其定殖模式。为此，我们在2014/2015年从八个岛屿采集了474个蜂群样本，在2020年从四个岛屿采集了91个蜂群样本。研究结果表明，蜜蜂微孢子虫不仅存在于亚速尔群岛，而且是该群岛的优势物种。在2014/2015年，apis微孢子虫较为罕见，蜜蜂微孢子虫的患病率在圣若热岛为2.7%，在皮科岛为50.7%。2020年，特塞拉岛的蜜蜂微孢子虫患病率显著上升（p < 0.001），圣若热岛的感染水平也较高。时空模式表明，蜜蜂微孢子虫最近才在该群岛定殖，并迅速传播到其他岛屿，在这些岛屿上可能至少发生了两次独立的引入事件。弗洛雷斯岛和圣玛丽亚岛未受蜜蜂微孢子虫的侵袭，值得注意的是，圣玛丽亚岛也没有狄斯瓦螨，这使其成为欧洲蜜蜂对这两种主要生物胁迫仍保持天然抗性的最后几个地方之一。
