Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Nat Metab. 2022 Jul;4(7):826-835. doi: 10.1038/s42255-022-00606-9. Epub 2022 Jul 25.
Body weight and adiposity represent biologically controlled parameters that are influenced by a combination of genetic, developmental and environmental variables. Although the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in matching caloric intake with energy expenditure to achieve a stable body weight, it is now recognized that neuronal circuits in the hindbrain not only serve to produce nausea and to terminate feeding in response to food consumption or during pathological states, but also contribute to the long-term control of body weight. Additionally, recent work has identified hindbrain neurons that are capable of suppressing food intake without producing aversive responses like those associated with nausea. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of the hindbrain neurons that control feeding, particularly those located in the area postrema and the nucleus tractus solitarius. We frame this information in the context of new atlases of hindbrain neuronal populations and develop a model of the hindbrain circuits that control food intake and energy balance, suggesting important areas for additional research.
体重和肥胖是由遗传、发育和环境变量共同作用的生物控制参数。尽管下丘脑在将热量摄入与能量消耗相匹配以达到稳定体重方面发挥着关键作用，但现在人们已经认识到，后脑的神经元回路不仅有助于在进食时或在病理状态下产生恶心并终止进食，而且有助于长期控制体重。此外，最近的研究还发现了一些后脑神经元，它们能够抑制进食，而不会产生与恶心相关的厌恶反应。在这里，我们回顾了我们对控制进食的后脑神经元的最新理解，特别是那些位于后极区和孤束核中的神经元。我们将这些信息置于后脑神经元群体的新图谱的背景下，并提出了一个控制食物摄入和能量平衡的后脑回路模型，这为进一步的研究提供了重要的方向。
