Ministry of Agricultural Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Maize in Plain Area of Southern Region, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Nantong Changjiang Seed Co., Ltd, Nantong, 226368, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
BMC Genomics. 2022 Jul 25;23(1):538. doi: 10.1186/s12864-022-08776-2.
Acyl carrier proteins (ACP) constitute a very conserved carrier protein family. Previous studies have found that ACP not only takes part in the fatty acid synthesis process of almost all organisms, but also participates in the regulation of plant growth, development, and metabolism, and makes plants adaptable to stresses. However, this gene family has not been systematically studied in sorghum.
Nine ACP family members were identified in the sorghum genome, which were located on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 7, 8 and 9, respectively. Evolutionary analysis among different species divided the ACP family into four subfamilies, showing that the SbACPs were more closely related to maize. The prediction results of subcellular localization showed that SbACPs were mainly distributed in chloroplasts and mitochondria, while fluorescence localization showed that SbACPs were mainly localized in chloroplasts in tobacco leaf. The analysis of gene structure revealed a relatively simple genetic structure, that there were 1-3 introns in the sorghum ACP family, and the gene structure within the same subfamily had high similarity. The amplification method of SbACPs was mainly large fragment replication, and SbACPs were more closely related to ACPs in maize and rice. In addition, three-dimensional structure analysis showed that all ACP genes in sorghum contained four α helices, and the second helix structure was more conserved, implying a key role in function. Cis-acting element analysis indicated that the SbACPs might be involved in light response, plant growth and development regulation, biotic and abiotic stress response, plant hormone regulation, and other physiological processes. What's more, qRT-PCR analysis uncovered that some of SbACPs might be involved in the adaptive regulation of drought and salt stresses, indicating the close relationship between fatty acids and the resistance to abiotic stresses in sorghum.
In summary, these results showed a comprehensive overview of the SbACPs and provided a theoretical basis for further studies on the biological functions of SbACPs in sorghum growth, development and abiotic stress responses.
酰基载体蛋白（ACP）构成了一个非常保守的载体蛋白家族。先前的研究发现，ACP 不仅参与了几乎所有生物体的脂肪酸合成过程，还参与了植物生长、发育和代谢的调节，使植物能够适应应激。然而，这个基因家族在高粱中还没有被系统地研究过。
在高粱基因组中鉴定出了 9 个 ACP 家族成员，它们分别位于染色体 1、2、5、7、8 和 9 上。不同物种之间的进化分析将 ACP 家族分为四个亚家族，表明 SbACPs 与玉米的亲缘关系更为密切。亚细胞定位的预测结果表明，SbACPs 主要分布在叶绿体和线粒体中，而荧光定位则表明 SbACPs 主要定位于烟草叶片的叶绿体中。基因结构分析揭示了相对简单的遗传结构，即高粱 ACP 家族中存在 1-3 个内含子，同一亚家族内的基因结构具有高度相似性。SbACPs 的扩增方法主要是大片段复制，并且 SbACPs 与玉米和水稻的 ACPs 更为密切相关。此外，三维结构分析表明，高粱中所有的 ACP 基因都含有四个α螺旋，并且第二螺旋结构更为保守，暗示其在功能上具有关键作用。顺式作用元件分析表明，SbACPs 可能参与光反应、植物生长发育调控、生物和非生物胁迫响应、植物激素调控等生理过程。更重要的是，qRT-PCR 分析表明，一些 SbACPs 可能参与了干旱和盐胁迫的适应性调节，表明脂肪酸与高粱对非生物胁迫的抗性密切相关。
综上所述，这些结果全面概述了 SbACPs，并为进一步研究 SbACPs 在高粱生长、发育和非生物胁迫响应中的生物学功能提供了理论依据。
