Biochemistry Department, Stellenbosch University, Van der Byl Street, Stellenbosch 7200, South Africa.
Cells. 2022 Jul 11;11(14):2163. doi: 10.3390/cells11142163.
Acute phase proteins (APPs), such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), serum amyloid A (SAA), and C-reactive protein (CRP), are elevated in type-2 diabetes (T2D) and are routinely used as biomarkers for this disease. These APPs are regulated by the peripheral mediators of stress (i.e., endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs)) and inflammation (i.e., pro-inflammatory cytokines), with both implicated in the development of insulin resistance, the main risk factor for the development of T2D. In this review we propose that APPs, PAI-1, SAA, and CRP, could be the causative rather than only a correlative link between the physiological elements of risk (stress and inflammation) and the development of insulin resistance.
急性相蛋白(APPs),如纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)、血清淀粉样 A(SAA)和 C 反应蛋白(CRP),在 2 型糖尿病(T2D)中升高,并且通常被用作该疾病的生物标志物。这些 APPs 受应激的外周介质(即内源性糖皮质激素(GCs))和炎症(即促炎细胞因子)调节,两者都与胰岛素抵抗的发展有关,胰岛素抵抗是 T2D 发展的主要危险因素。在这篇综述中,我们提出 APPs、PAI-1、SAA 和 CRP 可能是风险的生理因素(应激和炎症)与胰岛素抵抗发展之间的因果关系,而不仅仅是相关关系。