Biochemistry Department, Stellenbosch University, Van der Byl Street, Stellenbosch 7200, South Africa.
Cells. 2022 Jul 11;11(14):2163. doi: 10.3390/cells11142163.
Acute phase proteins (APPs), such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), serum amyloid A (SAA), and C-reactive protein (CRP), are elevated in type-2 diabetes (T2D) and are routinely used as biomarkers for this disease. These APPs are regulated by the peripheral mediators of stress (i.e., endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs)) and inflammation (i.e., pro-inflammatory cytokines), with both implicated in the development of insulin resistance, the main risk factor for the development of T2D. In this review we propose that APPs, PAI-1, SAA, and CRP, could be the causative rather than only a correlative link between the physiological elements of risk (stress and inflammation) and the development of insulin resistance.
急性相蛋白（APPs），如纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1（PAI-1）、血清淀粉样 A（SAA）和 C 反应蛋白（CRP），在 2 型糖尿病（T2D）中升高，并且通常被用作该疾病的生物标志物。这些 APPs 受应激的外周介质（即内源性糖皮质激素（GCs））和炎症（即促炎细胞因子）调节，两者都与胰岛素抵抗的发展有关，胰岛素抵抗是 T2D 发展的主要危险因素。在这篇综述中，我们提出 APPs、PAI-1、SAA 和 CRP 可能是风险的生理因素（应激和炎症）与胰岛素抵抗发展之间的因果关系，而不仅仅是相关关系。
