Carelli Laura, Solca Federica, Tagini Sofia, Torre Silvia, Verde Federico, Ticozzi Nicola, Ferrucci Roberta, Pravettoni Gabriella, Aiello Edoardo Nicolò, Silani Vincenzo, Poletti Barbara
Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., 20149 Milan, Italy.
"Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Brain Sci. 2022 Jul 16;12(7):931. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12070931.
Eye movement abnormalities in association with cognitive and emotional deficits have been described in neurological, neurodevelopmental, and psychiatric disorders. Eye-Tracking (ET) techniques could therefore enhance cognitive interventions by contingently providing feedback to patients. Since no consensus has been reached thus far on this approach, this study aimed at systematically reviewing the current evidence. This review was performed and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Records were searched for in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus (1990-2021) through the following string: ('Eye Tracking' OR 'Eye-Tracking' OR 'Oculomotor') AND ('Neuropsychol*' OR 'Cognitive') AND ('Rehabilitation' OR 'Training' OR 'Stimulation'). Study outcomes were thematically classified and qualitatively synthesized. A structured quality assessment was performed. A total of 24 articles were included, addressing neurodevelopmental (preterm infants and children with autism spectrum disorder, Rett syndrome, or ADHD; = 14), psychiatric (mood and anxiety disorders or alcohol dependence; = 7), and neurological conditions (stroke; = 3). Overall, ET gaze-contingent training proved to be effective in improving cognitive and emotional alterations. However, population heterogeneity limits the generalizability of results. ET gaze-contingent protocols allow researchers to directly and dynamically train attentional functions; together with the recruitment of implicit, "bottom-up" strategies, these protocols are promising and possibly integrable with traditional cognitive approaches.
与认知和情感缺陷相关的眼球运动异常已在神经、神经发育和精神疾病中有所描述。因此，眼动追踪（ET）技术可以通过向患者提供反馈来加强认知干预。由于目前在这种方法上尚未达成共识，本研究旨在系统地回顾当前的证据。本综述是根据PRISMA指南进行并报告的。通过以下检索词在PubMed、科学网和Scopus（1990 - 2021年）中检索记录：（“Eye Tracking”或“Eye-Tracking”或“Oculomotor”）与（“Neuropsychol*”或“Cognitive”）与（“Rehabilitation”或“Training”或“Stimulation”）。对研究结果进行主题分类并进行定性综合。进行了结构化的质量评估。共纳入24篇文章，涉及神经发育疾病（早产儿和患有自闭症谱系障碍、雷特综合征或注意力缺陷多动障碍的儿童；n = 14）、精神疾病（情绪和焦虑障碍或酒精依赖；n = 7）和神经疾病（中风；n = 3）。总体而言，ET注视相关训练被证明在改善认知和情感改变方面是有效的。然而，人群异质性限制了结果的普遍性。ET注视相关方案使研究人员能够直接且动态地训练注意力功能；这些方案与隐性的“自下而上”策略相结合，很有前景，并且可能与传统认知方法相结合。
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