Kredel Ralf, Hernandez Julia, Hossner Ernst-Joachim, Zahno Stephan
Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jun 8;14:1130051. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1130051. eCollection 2023.
Updating and complementing a previous review on eye-tracking technology and the dynamics of natural gaze behavior in sports, this short review focuses on the progress concerning researched sports tasks, applied methods of gaze data collection and analysis as well as derived gaze measures for the time interval of 2016-2022. To that end, a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines was conducted, searching Web of Science, PubMed Central, SPORTDiscus, and ScienceDirect for the keywords: eye tracking, gaze behavio*r, eye movement, and visual search. Thirty-one studies were identified for the review. On the one hand, a generally increased research interest and a wider area of researched sports with a particular increase in official's gaze behavior were diagnosed. On the other hand, a general lack of progress concerning sample sizes, amounts of trials, employed eye-tracking technology and gaze analysis procedures must be acknowledged. Nevertheless, first attempts to automated gaze-cue-allocations (GCA) in mobile eye-tracking studies were seen, potentially enhancing objectivity, and alleviating the burden of manual workload inherently associated with conventional gaze analyses. Reinforcing the claims of the previous review, this review concludes by describing four distinct technological approaches to automating GCA, some of which are specifically suited to tackle the validity and generalizability issues associated with the current limitations of mobile eye-tracking studies on natural gaze behavior in sports.
本简短综述对之前关于眼动追踪技术与体育中自然注视行为动态的综述进行了更新和补充，重点关注2016年至2022年期间在研究的体育任务、注视数据收集与分析的应用方法以及派生的注视测量方面所取得的进展。为此，根据PRISMA指南进行了系统综述，在Web of Science、PubMed Central、SPORTDiscus和ScienceDirect上搜索关键词：眼动追踪、注视行为、眼球运动和视觉搜索。共确定了31项研究用于该综述。一方面，研究兴趣普遍增加，研究的体育领域更广泛，尤其是裁判的注视行为研究显著增多。另一方面，必须承认在样本量、试验次数、所采用的眼动追踪技术和注视分析程序方面总体缺乏进展。尽管如此，在移动眼动追踪研究中已出现首次自动化注视线索分配（GCA）的尝试，这可能会提高客观性，并减轻传统注视分析中固有的人工工作量负担。本综述通过描述四种不同的自动化GCA技术方法得出结论，强化了之前综述的观点，其中一些方法特别适合解决与当前体育中自然注视行为移动眼动追踪研究局限性相关的有效性和普遍性问题。
