Li Chuangen, Lau Harry Cheuk-Hay, Zhang Xiang, Yu Jun
Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Biomedicines. 2022 Jul 15;10(7):1710. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10071710.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant disease that is the second most common cancer worldwide. CRC arises from the complex interactions among a variety of genetic and environmental factors. To understand the mechanism of colon tumorigenesis, preclinical studies have developed various mouse models including carcinogen-induced and transgenic mice to recapitulate CRC in humans. Using these mouse models, scientific breakthroughs have been made on the understanding of the pathogenesis of this complex disease. Moreover, the availability of transgenic knock-in or knock-out mice further increases the potential of CRC mouse models. In this review, the overall features of carcinogen-induced (focusing on azoxymethane and azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium) and transgenic (focusing on ) mouse models, as well as their mechanisms to induce colon tumorigenesis, are explored. We also discuss limitations of these mouse models and their applications in the evaluation and study of drugs and treatment regimens against CRC. Through these mouse models, a better understanding of colon tumorigenesis can be achieved, thereby facilitating the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies against CRC.
结直肠癌（CRC）是一种恶性疾病，是全球第二常见的癌症。CRC 由多种遗传和环境因素之间的复杂相互作用引发。为了解结肠肿瘤发生的机制，临床前研究已开发出各种小鼠模型，包括致癌物诱导的小鼠模型和转基因小鼠模型，以重现人类 CRC。利用这些小鼠模型，在理解这种复杂疾病的发病机制方面取得了科学突破。此外，转基因敲入或敲除小鼠的可得性进一步提高了 CRC 小鼠模型的潜力。在本综述中，探讨了致癌物诱导的（重点是氧化偶氮甲烷和氧化偶氮甲烷/葡聚糖硫酸钠）和转基因（重点是 ）小鼠模型的总体特征，以及它们诱导结肠肿瘤发生的机制。我们还讨论了这些小鼠模型的局限性及其在评估和研究抗 CRC 药物及治疗方案中的应用。通过这些小鼠模型，可以更好地理解结肠肿瘤发生，从而促进发现抗 CRC 的新型治疗策略。
