Farag Mohamed A, Abdelwareth Amr, Zayed Ahmed, Eissa Tarek F, Dokalahy Eric, Frolov Andrej, Wessjohann Ludger A
Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt.
Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
Foods. 2022 Jul 18;11(14):2127. doi: 10.3390/foods11142127.
Mango ( L.) is a tropical climacteric fruit that encompasses a myriad of metabolites mediating for its nutritive value, unique taste, flavor, and medicinal uses. Egypt is among the top mango producers worldwide, albeit little characterization has been made toward its fruits' chemical composition. This study aims to assess metabolites difference via comparative profiling and fingerprinting of Egyptian mango in context to its cultivar (cv.) type and/or growth province. To achieve such goal, hyphenated chromatographic techniques (UPLC/MS) and UV spectroscopy were employed and coupled to multivariate data analysis for Egyptian mango fruits' classification for the first time. UPLC/MS led to the detection of a total of 47 peaks identified based on their elution times and MS data, belonging to tannins as gallic acid esters, flavonoids, xanthones, phenolic acids and oxylipids. UV/Vis spectra of mango fruits showed similar absorption patterns mostly attributed to the phenolic metabolites, i.e., gallic acid derivatives and phenolic acids showing λ at ca. 240 and 270 nm. Modeling of both UPLC/MS and UV data sets revealed that cv. effect predominated over geographical origin in fruits segregation. Awees (AS) cv. showed the richest phenolic content and in agreement for its recognition as a premium cv. of mango in Egypt. Results of total phenolic content (TPC) assay revealed that AS was the richest in TPC at 179.1 mg GAE/g extract, while Langara from Ismailia (LI) showed the strongest antioxidant effect at 0.41 mg TE/g extract. Partial least square modeling of UV fingerprint with antioxidant action annotated gallates as potential contributor to antioxidant effect though without identification of exact moieties based on UPLC/MS. The study is considered the first-time investigation of Egyptian mango to aid unravel phytoconstituents responsible for fruits benefits using a metabolomics approach.
芒果（Mangifera indica L.）是一种热带跃变型果实，含有多种代谢产物，这些代谢产物决定了它的营养价值、独特的口感、风味和药用价值。埃及是全球主要的芒果生产国之一，但其果实的化学成分研究较少。本研究旨在通过对埃及芒果的品种类型和/或种植省份进行比较分析和指纹图谱分析，评估其代谢产物的差异。为实现这一目标，首次采用联用色谱技术（超高效液相色谱/质谱联用，UPLC/MS）和紫外光谱法，并结合多变量数据分析对埃及芒果果实进行分类。UPLC/MS共检测到47个峰，根据其保留时间和质谱数据鉴定出这些峰分别属于单宁（如没食子酸酯）、黄酮类化合物、呫吨酮、酚酸和氧化脂质。芒果果实的紫外可见光谱显示出相似的吸收模式，主要归因于酚类代谢产物，即没食子酸衍生物和酚酸，其吸收波长约为240和270 nm。对UPLC/MS和紫外数据集的建模显示，在果实分类中，品种效应比地理来源更为显著。阿威斯（AS）品种的酚类含量最高，这与其作为埃及优质芒果品种的认知相符。总酚含量（TPC）测定结果表明，AS的TPC最高，为179.1 mg没食子酸当量/g提取物，而来自伊斯梅利亚的朗加拉（LI）在抗氧化效果方面最强，为0.41 mg Trolox当量/g提取物。通过紫外指纹图谱与抗氧化作用的偏最小二乘建模表明，没食子酸盐是抗氧化作用的潜在贡献者，尽管基于UPLC/MS未鉴定出确切的成分。本研究被认为是首次利用代谢组学方法对埃及芒果进行研究，以帮助揭示果实有益成分的植物化学成分。
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