类胡萝卜素：膳食来源、提取、包封、生物利用度及健康益处——近期进展综述

Carotenoids: Dietary Sources, Extraction, Encapsulation, Bioavailability, and Health Benefits-A Review of Recent Advancements.

作者信息

Saini Ramesh Kumar, Prasad Parchuri, Lokesh Veeresh, Shang Xiaomin, Shin Juhyun, Keum Young-Soo, Lee Ji-Ho

机构信息

Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.

Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.

出版信息

Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Apr 18;11(4):795. doi: 10.3390/antiox11040795.

Natural carotenoids (CARs), viz. β-carotene, lutein, astaxanthin, bixin, norbixin, capsanthin, lycopene, canthaxanthin, β-Apo-8-carotenal, zeaxanthin, and β-apo-8-carotenal-ester, are being studied as potential candidates in fields such as food, feed, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. CAR research is advancing in the following three major fields: (1) CAR production from natural sources and optimization of its downstream processing; (2) encapsulation for enhanced physical and chemical properties; and (3) preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies of CARs' health benefits. This review critically discusses the recent developments in studies of the chemistry and antioxidant activity, marketing trends, dietary sources, extraction, bioaccessibility and bioavailability, encapsulation methods, dietary intake, and health benefits of CARs. Preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies on cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disease, mental health, eye, and skin health are also discussed.

天然类胡萝卜素（CARs），即β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素、虾青素、胭脂树橙、降胭脂树素、辣椒红素、番茄红素、角黄素、β-阿朴-8'-胡萝卜醛、玉米黄质和β-阿朴-8'-胡萝卜素酯，正作为食品、饲料、营养保健品和药妆品等领域的潜在候选物进行研究。类胡萝卜素的研究在以下三个主要领域取得进展：（1）从天然来源生产类胡萝卜素及其下游加工的优化；（2）通过包封增强其物理和化学性质；（3）类胡萝卜素健康益处的临床前、临床和流行病学研究。本综述批判性地讨论了类胡萝卜素在化学和抗氧化活性、市场趋势、膳食来源、提取、生物可及性和生物利用度、包封方法、膳食摄入量以及健康益处等方面研究的最新进展。还讨论了关于癌症、肥胖症、2型糖尿病（T2D）、心血管疾病（CVD）、骨质疏松症、神经退行性疾病、心理健康、眼睛和皮肤健康的临床前、临床和流行病学研究。