Lenucci Marcello Salvatore, Tornese Riccardo, Mita Giovanni, Durante Miriana
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Feb 28;11(3):484. doi: 10.3390/antiox11030484.
This study aims to describe and compare the distribution of bioactive compounds, the fatty acids profiles, and the TEAC hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities in different fruit fractions (pulp, peel, and kernel) of two mango cultivars (Tommy Atkins and Keitt). All fractions are sources of health-promoting bioactive compounds. Regardless of cultivars, pulp had the highest content of phytosterols (150 mg/100 g dw), peels ranked first for pentaciclic triterpenes (from 14.2 to 17.7 mg/100 g dw), tocopherols, carotenoids, and chlorophylls, and kernels for phenolic compounds (from 421.6 to 1464.8 mg/100 g dw), flavonoids, condensed tannins, as well as hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities. Differences between the two cultivars were evidenced for ascorbic acid, which showed the highest levels in the peels and kernels of Keitt and Tommy Atkins fruits, respectively. Similarly, the concentration of dehydroascorbic acid was higher in the pulp of Tommy Atkins than Keitt. The highest percentage of saturated fatty acids was observed in pulp (42%) and kernels (~50%), monounsaturated fatty acids in kernels (up to 41%), and polyunsaturated fatty acids in peels (up to 52%). Our results add information to the current knowledge on nutraceuticals' distribution in different fractions of mango fruit, supporting its consumption as a healthy fruit and suggesting the great potential value of peels and kernels as sources of novel ingredients. Indeed, mango by-products generated during agronomic-to-industrial processing not only causes a significant environmental impact, but economic losses too. In this scenario, boosting research on conventional recovery methods offers eco-friendly solutions. However, green, novel biorefinery technologies may offer eco-friendly and profitable solutions, allowing the recovery of several more profitable by-products, sustaining their continuous growth since many bioactive compounds can be recovered from mango by-products that are potentially useful in the design of innovative nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and pharmaceutical formulations.
本研究旨在描述和比较两个芒果品种（汤米·阿特金斯和凯特）不同果实部分（果肉、果皮和果核）中生物活性化合物的分布、脂肪酸谱以及TEAC亲水性和亲脂性抗氧化活性。所有部分都是具有促进健康作用的生物活性化合物的来源。无论品种如何，果肉中植物甾醇含量最高（约150毫克/100克干重），果皮中五环三萜（14.2至17.7毫克/100克干重）、生育酚、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素含量排名第一，果核中酚类化合物（421.6至1464.8毫克/100克干重）、黄酮类化合物、缩合单宁以及亲水性和亲脂性抗氧化活性含量排名第一。两个品种之间在抗坏血酸方面存在差异，抗坏血酸分别在凯特和汤米·阿特金斯果实的果皮和果核中含量最高。同样，脱氢抗坏血酸的浓度在汤米·阿特金斯的果肉中高于凯特。在果肉（约42%）和果核（约50%）中观察到饱和脂肪酸的百分比最高，在果核中观察到单不饱和脂肪酸含量最高（高达41%），在果皮中观察到多不饱和脂肪酸含量最高（高达52%）。我们的研究结果为当前关于芒果果实不同部分中营养保健品分布的知识增添了信息，支持将芒果作为健康水果食用，并表明果皮和果核作为新型成分来源具有巨大的潜在价值。事实上，从农业到工业加工过程中产生的芒果副产品不仅会对环境造成重大影响，还会造成经济损失。在这种情况下，加强对传统回收方法的研究可提供环保解决方案。然而，绿色、新型生物炼制技术可能会提供环保且有利可图的解决方案，能够回收更多有利润的副产品，维持其持续发展，因为许多生物活性化合物可以从芒果副产品中回收，这些副产品在创新营养保健品、药妆品和药物制剂的设计中可能具有潜在用途。
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