Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Genes (Basel). 2022 Jul 21;13(7):1289. doi: 10.3390/genes13071289.
The epitranscriptome encompasses all post-transcriptional modifications that occur on RNAs. These modifications can alter the function and regulation of their RNA targets, which, if dysregulated, result in various diseases and cancers. As with other RNAs, miRNAs are highly modified by epitranscriptomic modifications such as mA methylation, 2'-O-methylation, mC methylation, mG methylation, polyuridine, and A-to-I editing. miRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs have gathered high clinical interest due to their role in disease, development, and cancer progression. Epitranscriptomic modifications alter the targeting, regulation, and biogenesis of miRNAs, increasing the complexity of miRNA regulation. In addition, emerging studies have revealed crosstalk between these modifications. In this review, we will summarize the epitranscriptomic modifications-focusing on those relevant to miRNAs-examine the recent crosstalk between these modifications, and give a perspective on how this crosstalk expands the complexity of miRNA biology.
表观转录组包含所有发生在 RNA 上的转录后修饰。这些修饰可以改变其 RNA 靶标的功能和调节,如果失调,会导致各种疾病和癌症。与其他 RNA 一样,miRNA 受到表观转录组修饰的高度修饰,如 mA 甲基化、2'-O-甲基化、mC 甲基化、mG 甲基化、多嘧啶和 A-to-I 编辑。miRNA 是一类小的非编码 RNA,可在转录后水平调节基因表达。miRNA 因其在疾病、发育和癌症进展中的作用而引起了高度的临床关注。表观转录组修饰改变了 miRNA 的靶向、调节和生物发生,增加了 miRNA 调节的复杂性。此外,新兴的研究揭示了这些修饰之间的串扰。在这篇综述中,我们将总结表观转录组修饰——重点是与 miRNA 相关的修饰——检查这些修饰之间最近的串扰,并就这种串扰如何扩展 miRNA 生物学的复杂性提供一个视角。