Dantzer R, Satinoff E, Kelley K W
Physiol Behav. 1987;39(5):593-8. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(87)90158-2.
Immunomodulating drugs as diverse as alpha-interferon and cyclosporine have been reported to attenuate physical signs of morphine withdrawal in rats. On the basis of these results, the immune system has been claimed to be involved in opiate addiction. To assess whether this is the case, the effects of alpha-interferon and cyclosporine were studied on objective signs of morphine withdrawal in morphine-dependent rats. Rats made dependent upon morphine by implantation of a 75-mg morphine pellet were challenged three days later by naloxone (1 mg/kg). Pretreatment with alpha-interferon (150 U/g) or cyclosporine (15 mg/kg) did not attenuate the reduction in body weight or the behavioral suppression induced by naloxone in morphine-dependent rats trained to press a lever for food reinforcement on a fixed-ratio 10 schedule. Alpha-interferon pretreatment blocked the capacity of naloxone to decrease body temperature in these rats and actually induced an hyperthermic response. In contrast, cyclosporine tended to enhance the drop in body temperature induced by naloxone. This last effect was more striking when the rats were placed in a cold room at 3.5 degrees C. Cyclosporine by itself induced a drop in body temperature in normal rats exposed to 3.5 degrees C. These results indicate that alpha-interferon and cyclosporine impair thermoregulation but do not directly interfere with morphine withdrawal signs.
据报道，诸如α-干扰素和环孢素等多种免疫调节药物可减轻大鼠吗啡戒断的身体症状。基于这些结果，有人声称免疫系统与阿片类药物成瘾有关。为评估是否如此，研究了α-干扰素和环孢素对吗啡依赖大鼠吗啡戒断客观症状的影响。通过植入75毫克吗啡丸使大鼠对吗啡产生依赖，三天后用纳洛酮（1毫克/千克）进行激发。在按固定比例10的时间表按压杠杆以获取食物强化训练的吗啡依赖大鼠中，用α-干扰素（150单位/克）或环孢素（15毫克/千克）预处理并未减轻纳洛酮引起的体重减轻或行为抑制。α-干扰素预处理阻断了纳洛酮降低这些大鼠体温的能力，实际上还引发了体温过高反应。相反，环孢素倾向于增强纳洛酮引起的体温下降。当将大鼠置于3.5摄氏度的冷室中时，最后这种效应更为明显。环孢素本身会使暴露于3.5摄氏度的正常大鼠体温下降。这些结果表明，α-干扰素和环孢素会损害体温调节，但不会直接干扰吗啡戒断症状。
