Zeng Sen, Li Yuwan, Zhu Wenhui, Luo Zipeng, Wu Keke, Li Xiaowen, Fang Yiqi, Qin Yuwei, Chen Wenxian, Li Zhaoyao, Zou Linke, Liu Xiaodi, Yi Lin, Fan Shuangqi
College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Microorganisms. 2022 Jun 26;10(7):1294. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10071294.
Coronaviruses, mainly including severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Middle East respiratory syndrome virus, human coronavirus OC43, chicken infectious bronchitis virus, porcine infectious gastroenteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and murine hepatitis virus, can cause severe diseases in humans and livestock. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is infecting millions of human beings with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the multiplicity of swine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus in swine suggests that coronaviruses seriously jeopardize the safety of public health and that therapeutic intervention is urgently needed. Currently, the most effective methods of prevention and control for coronaviruses are vaccine immunization and pharmacotherapy. However, the emergence of mutated viruses reduces the effectiveness of vaccines. In addition, vaccine developments often lag behind, making it difficult to put them into use early in the outbreak. Therefore, it is meaningful to screen safe, cheap, and broad-spectrum antiviral agents for coronaviruses. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms and state of anti-human and porcine coronavirus drugs, in order to provide theoretical support for the development of anti-coronavirus drugs and other antivirals.
冠状病毒主要包括严重急性呼吸综合征病毒、严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2、中东呼吸综合征病毒、人冠状病毒OC43、鸡传染性支气管炎病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒和鼠肝炎病毒，可导致人类和家畜患上严重疾病。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2正在全球感染数以百万计的人，发病率和死亡率很高，猪流行性腹泻冠状病毒在猪群中的多样性表明，冠状病毒严重危害公共卫生安全，迫切需要进行治疗干预。目前，针对冠状病毒最有效的防控方法是疫苗免疫和药物治疗。然而，变异病毒的出现降低了疫苗的有效性。此外，疫苗研发往往滞后，难以在疫情早期投入使用。因此，筛选安全、廉价且具有广谱抗病毒作用的抗冠状病毒药物具有重要意义。本综述系统总结了抗人冠状病毒和抗猪冠状病毒药物的作用机制及研究现状，以期为抗冠状病毒药物及其他抗病毒药物的研发提供理论支持。
